[js-api] Fix up missing preconditions on allocations

[bvisness]

Adds explicit steps to run memtype and tabletype validation and throw a RangeError on failure. This explicitly satisfies the preconditions from the wasm embedding spec, and removes the need for the initial <= maximum check in the JS API spec.

One other small note: allocation failures on tables are now explicitly reported. This captures implementation limits on table length, which also weren't quite handled by the spec. (This removes a TODO referencing #584.)

Fixes #1792.

[Ms2ger]

Thanks; some small comments below

[Ms2ger]

Since IDL already enforces most of this, I would prefer keeping the existing check, and adding an "Assert: type is valid" line after it

[rossberg]

The IDL cannot enforce semantic well-formedness of Wasm types, which is what's needed here.

[Ms2ger]

I don't understand your comment

[rossberg]

Not every syntactically expressible table/memory (or other) type is actually legal. Hence, the Wasm semantics has to validate types themselves, pretty much the same way it validates instructions. Where the JS API allows expressing types in JS, it must hence validate them according to Wasm rules before using them.

[bvisness]

I'm not sure I quite understand which semantic issues @rossberg is referring to, but I guess to me it seems like it comes down to whether [EnforceRange] unsigned long is equivalent enough to wasm's u32. To me they do seem generally equivalent enough to not cause problems. After all, n <= k, n <= m, and m <= k should all evaluate exactly the same whether you operate semantically on EnforceRange'd JS numbers or on u32.

Still, to me it feels more natural to leverage the wasm spec's notion of validity here instead of duplicating the checks in the JS API. For one, wasm engines already have validation code around, and for another, calling out to the wasm spec is more "future-proof" in that updates to validation in the core spec will be implicitly reflected in the JS API spec. (This is especially on my mind as I work to finalize the spec for memory64.)

[Ms2ger]

More concretely, given the current state of the core spec, what possible way could there be for table type created from u32 values min and max, with min <= max, and reftype either funcref or externref, to fail to be valid?

I could understand an argument about the robustness to potential changes in the core spec (though the assertion I suggest would cover that fine). I just don't understand your suggestion that the current rules are impossible to verify from "the outside".

As an alternative, I'd at least add a note that the 0 <= n < 2 ** 32 checks cannot fail due to the conversion in the IDL layer.

[rossberg]

While, for this moment, type validity still is relatively simple (here: proper ordering of limits, and checking the upper limit of memtypes is ≤2^16), that changes with function references or GC types, which are already included on the staging wasm-3.0 branch, and with whom it involves a recursive algorithm.

It's also a question of spec modularity and hygiene not to duplicate definitions that are "owned" by other parts of a spec if possible. That just risks incoherence and possible hick-ups. An assertion does not magically cover mistakes in such a case — rather, an assertion that doesn't actually hold is a spec bug in itself.

[Ms2ger]

Alright, let's just stick with the note about the integer limits, then