Add taxonomy field to categories block

[coreyworrell]

Description

Adding a taxonomy selector the the Categories block.

How has this been tested?

Setup with Docker environment and tested in browser.

Screenshots

Types of changes

Adds taxonomy selector field in the inspector panel.

Checklist:

• My code is tested.
• My code follows the WordPress code style.
• My code follows the accessibility standards.
• My code has proper inline documentation.
• I've included developer documentation if appropriate.
• I've updated all React Native files affected by any refactorings/renamings in this PR.

TODO:

• I was not able to figure out how to make the preview re-render after changing the taxonomy
• The build_dropdown_script_block_core_categories() function will need to be updated so that redirects to other taxonomies will work

This is incomplete, but hopefully a start that someone can fill in the last details.

[github-actions]

Warning: Type of PR label mismatch

To merge this PR, it requires exactly 1 label indicating the type of PR. Other labels are optional and not being checked here.

• Type-related labels to choose from: [Type] Automated Testing, [Type] Breaking Change, [Type] Bug, [Type] Build Tooling, [Type] Code Quality, [Type] Copy, [Type] Developer Documentation, [Type] Enhancement, [Type] Experimental, [Type] Feature, [Type] New API, [Type] Task, [Type] Technical Prototype, [Type] Performance, [Type] Project Management, [Type] Regression, [Type] Security, [Type] WP Core Ticket, Backport from WordPress Core.
• Labels found: Needs Dev, [Block] Categories.

Read more about Type labels in Gutenberg. Don't worry if you don't have the required permissions to add labels; the PR reviewer should be able to help with the task.