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Acl -- One Advanced C/C++ Library for Unix/Windows

0. About Acl project

The Acl (Advanced C/C++ Library) project a is powerful multi-platform network communication library and service framework, suppoting LINUX, WIN32, Solaris, FreeBSD, MacOS, AndroidOS, iOS. Many applications written by Acl run on these devices with Linux, Windows, iPhone and Android and serve billions of users. There are some important modules in Acl project, including network communcation, server framework, application protocols, multiple coders, etc. The common protocols such as HTTP/SMTP/ICMP//MQTT/Redis/Memcached/Beanstalk/Handler Socket are implemented in Acl, and the codec library such as XML/JSON/MIME/BASE64/UUCODE/QPCODE/RFC2047/RFC1035, etc., are also included in Acl. Acl also provides unified abstract interface for popular databases such as Mysql, Postgresql, Sqlite. Using Acl library users can write database application more easily, quickly and safely.

Architecture diagram:

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• 0. About Acl project

• 1. The six most important modules

  • 1.1. Basic network module
  • 1.2. Coroutine
  • 1.3. HTTP module
  • 1.4. Redis client
  • 1.5. MQTT module
  • 1.6. Server framework

• 2. The other important modules

  • 2.1. MIME module
  • 2.2. Codec module
  • 2.3. Database module
  • 2.4. Connection pool manager
  • 2.5. The other client libraries
  • 2.6. DNS module

• 3. Platform support and compilation

  • 3.1. Compiling Acl on different platforms
  • 3.2. Precautions when compiling on Windows

• 4. Quick start

  • 4.1. The first demo with Acl
  • 4.2. Simple TCP server
  • 4.3. Simple TCP client
  • 4.4. Coroutine TCP server
  • 4.5. One Http client
  • 4.6. Coroutine Http server
  • 4.7. One Redis client

• 5. More about

  • 5.1. Samples
  • 5.2. More simple demos
  • 5.3. FAQ
  • 5.4. License
  • 5.5. Reference
  • 5.6. Thanks

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1. The six most important modules

As a C/C++ foundation library, Acl provides many useful functions for users to develop applications, including six important modules: Network, Coroutine, HTTP, Redis client, MQTT, and Server framework.

1.1. Basic network module

• Stream processing module This module is the most basic streaming communication module for the entire acl network communication. It not only supports network streaming, but also supports file streaming. It mainly supports:

  • Read data by line, compatible with \r\n under win32, and compatible with the end of \n under UNIX
  • Read data by line but require automatic removal of the trailing \n or \r\n
  • Read data as a string separator
  • Read the specified length of data
  • Try to read a row of data or try to read the specified length of data
  • Detect network IO status
  • Write a row of data
  • Write data by formatter, similar to fprintf
  • File stream location operation, similar to fseek
  • Write a set of data at once, similar to writev under unix
  • Truncate the file, similar to ftrunk
  • Get the file size
  • Get the current file stream pointer location, similar to ftell
  • Get the file size
  • Obtain the local address and remote address of the network stream

• Network operation module

  • This module mainly supports network server monitoring (supports TCP/UDP/UNIX domain socket), network client connection (supports TCP/UNIX domain socket), DNS domain name query and result cache (supports calling system gethostbyname/getaddrinfo function and direct Send DNS protocol two ways), socket (socket) operation and take the local network card and other functions.

• Non-blocking network flow

  • Support non-blocking mode connection, read (by row read, specified length read), write (write line, write specified length, write a set of data) and other operations.

• Common network application protocol library

  • It mainly supports common network application protocols, such as: HTTP, SMTP, ICMP, in which HTTP and ICMP modules implement blocking and non-blocking communication methods. In addition, the HTTP protocol supports server and client in C++ version of lib_acl_cpp. Two communication methods, when used as a server, support the interface usage similar to JAVA HttpServlet. When used as a client mode, it supports connection pool and cluster management. The module supports both cookie, session, and HTTP MIME file upload. Rich functions such as block transfer, automatic character set conversion, automatic decompression, and breakpoint resume.

• Common network communication library

  • Support memcached, beanstalk, handler socket client communication library, the communication library supports connection pool mode.

1.2. Coroutine

The coroutine module in Acl can be used on multiple platforms, and there are many engineering practices in some important projects.

• Run on Linux, MacOS, Windows, iOS and Android
• Support x86, Arm architecture
• Support select/poll/epoll/kqueue/iocp/win32 GUI message
• The DNS protocol has been implemented in acl coroutine, so DNS API can also be used in coroutine model
• Hook system IO API on Unix and Windows
  • Read API: read/readv/recv/recvfrom/recvmsg
  • Write API: write/writev/send/sendto/sendmsg/sendfile64
  • Socket API: socket/listen/accept/connect/setsockopt
  • event API: select/poll/epoll_create/epoll_ctl/epoll_wait
  • DNS API: gethostbyname/gethostbyname_r/getaddrinfo/freeaddrinfo
• Support shared stack mode to minimize memory usage
• Synchronization primitive
  • Coroutine mutex, semphore can be used between coroutines
  • Coroutine event can be used between coroutines and threads
• For more information, see Using Acl fiber

1.3. HTTP module

Supports HTTP/1.1, can be used in client and server sides.

• HttpServlet interface like Java(server side)
• Connection pool mode(client side)
• Chunked block transfer
• Gzip compression/decompression
• SSL encrypted
• Breakpoints transmission
• Setting/acquisition of cookies
• Session managment(server side)
• Websocket transmission
• HTTP MIME format
• Sync/Async mode
• ...

1.4. Redis client

The redis client module in Acl is powerful, high-performance and easy to use.

• Support Bitmap/String/Hash/List/Set/Sorted Set/PubSub/HyperLogLog/Geo/Script/Stream/Server/Cluster/etc.
• Provides stl-like C++ interface for each redis command
• Automaticaly cache and adapt the changing of hash slots of the redis cluster on the client
• Communication in single, cluster or pipeline mode
• Connection pool be used in signle or cluster mode
• High performance in cluster or pipline mode
• Same interface for single, cluster and pipeline modes
• Retry automatically for the reason of network error
• Can be used in the shared stack coroutine mode
• For more information, see Using Acl redis client

1.5. MQTT module

The MQTT 3.1.1 version has been implemented in Acl, which has a stream parser, so can be used indepedentily of any IO mode.

• Support MQTT 3.1.1 protocol: CONNECT/CONNACK/PUBLISH/PUBACK/PUBREC/PUBREL/PUBCOMP/SUBSCRIBE/SUBACK/UNSUBSCRIBE/UNSUBACK/PINGREQ/PINGRESP/DISCONNECT
• One class per command
• Stream parser can be used for any IO mode
• Data parsing separats from network communicationo
• Can be used on client and server sides
• For more information, see Using Acl MQTT

1.6. Server framework

The most important module in Acl is the server framework, which helps users quickly write back-end services, such as web services. Tools in app/wizard can help users generate one appropriate service code within several seconds. The server framework of Acl includes two parts, one is the services manager, the other is the service written by Acl service template. The services manager named acl_master in Acl comes from the famous MTA Postfix, whose name is master, and acl_master has many extensions to master in order to be as one general services manager. There are six service templates in Acl that can be used to write application services, as below:

• Process service: One connection one process, the advantage is that the programming is simple, safe and stable, and the disadvantage is that the concurrency is too low;
• Threads service: Each process handles all client connections through a set of threads in the thread pool. The IO event trigger mode is used that a connection is bound to a thread only if it has readable data, and the thread will be released after processing the data. The service model's advantage is that it can handle a large number of client connections in one process with a small number of threads. Compare with the aio model, the programming is relatively simple;
• Aio service: Similar to nginx/squid/ircd, one thread can handle a large number of client connections in a non-blocking IO manner. The advantages of this model are high processing efficiency and low resource consumption, while the disadvantages are more complex programming;
• Coroutine service: Although the non-blocking service model can obtain large concurrent processing capability, the programming complexity is high. The coroutine model combines the features of large concurrent processing and low programming complexity, enabling programmers to easily implement sequential IO programming;
• UDP service: The model is mainly a service model supporting UDP communication process;
• Trigger service: The model instance is mainly used to process the background service process of some scheduled tasks (similar to the system's crontab).

2. The other important modules

2.1. MIME module

MIME(Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) format is widely used in email application. MIME format is too important that it can be used not only for email applications, but also for Web applications. MIME RFC such as RFC2045/RFC2047/RFC822 has been implemented in Acl. Acl has a MIME data stream parser that is indepedent of the IO model, so it can be used by synchronous or asynchronous IO programs.

2.2. Codec module

Thare are some common codecs in Acl, such as Json, Xml, Base64, Url, etc., which are all stream parser and indepedent of IO communication. Json is very popular, so Acl also provides serialization/deserialization tools which can be used to transfer between Json data and C struct objects, which greatly improves the programming efficiency.

2.3. Database module

The unified database interface in Acl is designed to easily and safely operate thease well-known open source databases such as Mysql, Postgresql and SQLite. The SQL codec is designed to escape the charactors to avoid the DB SQL attacks. When users use Acl to write database applications, Acl will dynamically load the dynamic libraries of Mysql, Postgresql or SQLite. The advantage of dynamic loading is that users who don't need the database functionality don't care about it at all.

2.4. Connection pool manager

There's a genernal connection pool manager in Acl, which is used widely by the other important modules, including redis, database, and http modules, etc.

2.5. The other client libraries

In addition to redis client, Acl also implements some other important client libraries, such as memcached client, handler-socket, beanstalk, disque and so on.

2.6. DNS module

Acl not only wraps the system DNS API, such as getaddrinfo and gethostbyname, but also implements the DNS protocol specified in RFC1035. Users can use the DNS module in Acl to implement their own DNS client or server.

3. Platform support and compilation

3.1. Compiling Acl on different platforms

Acl project currently supports Linux, Windows, MacOS, FreeBSD, Solaris, Android, and iOS.

• Linux/UNIX: The compiler is gcc/clang, enter acl/ directory and run make, then libacl_all.a and libacl_all.so will be generated in acl/ directory, libacl_all.a is consist of three libraries including lib_acl.a, lib_protocol.a and libacl_cpp.a; You can also use cmake to build and install Acl libs by running cmake-build.sh script in Acl directory; And xmake can also compiling Acl when you run xmake in Acl directory.
• Windows: Can be compiled with VS2003/VS2008/VS2010/VS2012/VS2013/VS2015/VS2019. (If you need to compile with VS6/VS2005, you can refer to the compilation conditions of VS2003);
• MacOS/iOS: Compiled with xcode;
• Android: Open Adnroid's project in acl/android/acl_c++_shared/ with Android Studio;
• Support for cross platform compilation with cmake.

3.2. Precautions when compiling on Windows

There are a few things to keep in mind when using dynamic libraries in a WIN32 environment:

• When using the dynamic library of lib_acl, it needs to be predefined in the user's project: ACL_DLL;
• When using the HTTP library or ICMP library in the lib_protocol dynamic library, you need to predefine HTTP_DLL or ICMP_DLL in the project;
• When using the dynamic library of lib_acl_cpp, you need to predefine ACL_CPP_DLL in the project. If you use the VC2003 compiler environment, you need to predefine VC2003.
• When using the dynamic library of lib_dict, you need to predefine DICT_DLL in the project;
• When using a dynamic library of lib_tls, you need to predefine TLS_DLL in your project.
• Detailed compilation process, see: Compilation and use of acl library

4. Quick start

4.1. The first demo with Acl

#include <iostream>
#include "acl_cpp/lib_acl.hpp"

int main(void) {
  acl::string buf = "hello world!\r\n";
  std::cout << buf.c_str() << std::endl;
  return 0;
}

4.2. Simple TCP server

#include <thread>
#include "acl_cpp/lib_acl.hpp"

void run(void) {
  const char* addr = "127.0.0.1:8088";
  acl::server_socket server;
  if (!server.open(addr)) {  // Bind and listen the local address.
    return;
  }

  while (true) {
    acl::socket_stream* conn = server.accept(); // Wait for connection.
    if (conn == NULL) {
      break;
    }
    std::thread thread([=] {  // Start one thread to handle the connection.
      char buf[256];
      int ret = conn->read(buf, sizeof(buf), false);  // Read data.
      if (ret > 0) {
        conn->write(buf, ret);  // Write the received data.
      }
      delete conn;
    });
    thread.detach();
  }
}

4.3. Simple TCP client

#include "acl_cpp/lib_acl.hpp"

void run(void) {
  const char* addr = "127.0.0.1:8088";
  int conn_timeout = 5, rw_timeout = 10;
  acl::socket_stream conn;
  if (!conn.open(addr, conn_timeout, rw_timeout)) { // Connecting the server.
    return;
  }
  const char data[] = "Hello world!\r\n";
  if (conn.write(data, sizeof(data) - 1) == -1) {  // Send data to server.
    return;
  }
  char buf[256];
  int ret = conn.read(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, false);
  if (ret > 0) {  // Read from server.
    buf[ret] = 0;
    std::cout << buf << std::endl;
  }
}

4.4. Coroutine TCP server

#include "acl_cpp/lib_acl.hpp"
#include "fiber/go_fiber.hpp"

void run(void) {
  const char* addr = "127.0.0.1:8088";
  acl::server_socket server;
  if (!server.open(addr)) {
    return;
  }

  go[&] {  // Create one server coroutine to wait for connection.
    while (true) {
      acl::shared_stream conn = server.shared_accept();
      if (conn == nullptr) {
        break;
      }

      go[conn] {  // Create one client coroutine to handle the connection.
        while (true) {
          char buf[256];
          int ret = conn->read(buf, sizeof(buf), false);
          if (ret <= 0 || conn->write(buf, ret) != ret) {
            break;
          }
        }
      };
    }
  };

  acl::fiber::schedule();  // Start the coroutine scheculde process.
}

4.5. One Http client

#include "acl_cpp/lib_acl.hpp"

bool run(void) {
  acl::http_request conn("www.baidu.com:80");
  acl::http_header& header = conn.request_header()
  header.set_url("/")
    .set_keep_alive(false);
    .set_content_type("text/html");

  if (!conn.request(NULL, 0)) {
    return false;
  }
  int status = conn.http_status();
  if (status != 200) {
    return false;
  }
  long long len = conn.body_length();
  if (len <= 0) {
    return true;
  }
  acl::string buf;
  if (!conn.get_body(body)) {
    return false;
  }
  return true;
}

4.6. Coroutine Http server

#include "acl_cpp/lib_acl.hpp"  // Must before http_server.hpp
#include "fiber/http_server.hpp"

static char *var_cfg_debug_msg;
static acl::master_str_tbl var_conf_str_tab[] = {
  { "debug_msg", "test_msg", &var_cfg_debug_msg },
  { 0, 0, 0 }
};

static int  var_cfg_io_timeout;
static acl::master_int_tbl var_conf_int_tab[] = {
  { "io_timeout", 120, &var_cfg_io_timeout, 0, 0 },
  { 0, 0 , 0 , 0, 0 }
};

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
  const char* addr = "0.0.0.0|8194";
  const char* conf = argc >= 2 ? argv[1] : NULL;
  acl::http_server server;

  // Call the methods in acl::master_base class .
  server.set_cfg_int(var_conf_int_tab).set_cfg_str(var_conf_str_tab);

  // Call the methods in acl::http_server .
  server.on_proc_init([&addr] {
    printf("---> after process init: addr=%s, io_timeout=%d\r\n", addr, var_cfg_io_timeout);
  }).on_proc_exit([] {
    printf("---> before process exit\r\n");
  }).on_proc_sighup([] (acl::string& s) {
    s = "+ok";
    printf("---> process got sighup\r\n");
    return true;
  }).on_thread_accept([] (acl::socket_stream& conn) {
    printf("---> accept %d\r\n", conn.sock_handle());
    return true;
  }).Get("/", [](acl::HttpRequest&, acl::HttpResponse& res) {
    std::string buf("hello world1!\r\n");
    res.setContentLength(buf.size());
    return res.write(buf.c_str(), buf.size());
  }).Post("/json", [](acl::HttpRequest& req, acl::HttpResponse& res) {
    acl::json* json = req.getJson();
    if (json) {
      return res.write(*json);
    } else {
      std::string buf = "no json got\r\n";
      res.setContentLength(buf.size());
      return res.write(buf.c_str(), buf.size());
    }
  }).run_alone(addr, conf);

  return 0;
}

4.7. One redis client

#include <thread>
#include "acl_cpp/lib_acl.hpp"

static void thread_run(acl::redis_client_cluster& conns) {
  acl::redis cmd(&conns);
  std::map<acl::string, acl::string> attrs;
  attrs["name1"] = "value1";
  attrs["name2"] = "value2";
  attrs["name3"] = "value3";
  acl::string key = "hash-key-1";
  if (!cmd.hmset(key, attrs)) {
    printf("hmset error=%s\r\n", cmd.result_error());
    return;
  }

  attrs.clear();
  if (!cmd.hgetall(key, attrs)) {
    printf("hgetall error=%s\r\n", cmd.result_error());
  }
}

void run(void) {
  const char* addr = "126.0.0.1:6379";
  acl::redis_client_cluster conns;
  conns.set(addr, 0);

  const size_t nthreads = 10;
  std::thread threads[nthreads];
  // Create some threads to test redis using the same conns.
  for (size_t i = 0; i < nthreads; i++) {
    threads[i] = std::thread(thread_run, std::ref(conns));
  }
  // Wait for all threads to exit
  for (size_t i = 0; i < nthreads; i++) {
    threads[i].join();
  }
}

5. More about

5.1. Samples

There are a lot of examples in the acl library for reference, please refer to: SAMPLES.md

5.2. More simple demos

There are many small demos showing how to use acl library easily in Demos

5.3. FAQ

If you have some questions when using Acl, please see FAQ.md.

5.4. License

• LGPL-v3 license (see LICENSE.txt in the acl project)

5.5. Reference

• Web site: https://acl-dev.cn/
• Github: https://github.com/acl-dev/acl
• Gitee: https://gitee.com/acl-dev/acl
• Weibo: http://weibo.com/zsxxsz

5.6. Thanks

Thanks .