Add a reparented_to method to GlobalTransform (bevyengine#7020)

# Objective

It is often necessary  to update an entity's parent while keeping its GlobalTransform static. Currently it is cumbersome and error-prone (two questions in the discord `#help` channel in the past week)

- Part 1 of bevyengine#5475
- Part 2: bevyengine#7024.

## Solution

- Add a `reparented_to` method to `GlobalTransform`

---

## Changelog

- Add a `reparented_to` method to `GlobalTransform`

crates/bevy_transform/src/components/global_transform.rs

@@ -106,6 +106,50 @@ impl GlobalTransform {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Returns the [`Transform`] `self` would have if it was a child of an entity
+    /// with the `parent` [`GlobalTransform`].
+    ///
+    /// This is useful if you want to "reparent" an `Entity`. Say you have an entity
+    /// `e1` that you want to turn into a child of `e2`, but you want `e1` to keep the
+    /// same global transform, even after re-partenting. You would use:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use bevy_transform::prelude::{GlobalTransform, Transform};
+    /// # use bevy_ecs::prelude::{Entity, Query, Component, Commands};
+    /// # use bevy_hierarchy::{prelude::Parent, BuildChildren};
+    /// #[derive(Component)]
+    /// struct ToReparent {
+    ///     new_parent: Entity,
+    /// }
+    /// fn reparent_system(
+    ///     mut commands: Commands,
+    ///     mut targets: Query<(&mut Transform, Entity, &GlobalTransform, &ToReparent)>,
+    ///     transforms: Query<&GlobalTransform>,
+    /// ) {
+    ///     for (mut transform, entity, initial, to_reparent) in targets.iter_mut() {
+    ///         if let Ok(parent_transform) = transforms.get(to_reparent.new_parent) {
+    ///             *transform = initial.reparented_to(parent_transform);
+    ///             commands.entity(entity)
+    ///                 .remove::<ToReparent>()
+    ///                 .set_parent(to_reparent.new_parent);
+    ///         }
+    ///     }
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// The transform is expected to be non-degenerate and without shearing, or the output
+    /// will be invalid.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn reparented_to(&self, parent: &GlobalTransform) -> Transform {
+        let relative_affine = parent.affine().inverse() * self.affine();
+        let (scale, rotation, translation) = relative_affine.to_scale_rotation_translation();
+        Transform {
+            translation,
+            rotation,
+            scale,
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Extracts `scale`, `rotation` and `translation` from `self`.
     ///
     /// The transform is expected to be non-degenerate and without shearing, or the output
@@ -209,3 +253,60 @@ impl Mul<Vec3> for GlobalTransform {
         self.transform_point(value)
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+
+    use bevy_math::EulerRot::XYZ;
+
+    fn transform_equal(left: GlobalTransform, right: Transform) -> bool {
+        left.0.abs_diff_eq(right.compute_affine(), 0.01)
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn reparented_to_transform_identity() {
+        fn reparent_to_same(t1: GlobalTransform, t2: GlobalTransform) -> Transform {
+            t2.mul_transform(t1.into()).reparented_to(&t2)
+        }
+        let t1 = GlobalTransform::from(Transform {
+            translation: Vec3::new(1034.0, 34.0, -1324.34),
+            rotation: Quat::from_euler(XYZ, 1.0, 0.9, 2.1),
+            scale: Vec3::new(1.0, 1.0, 1.0),
+        });
+        let t2 = GlobalTransform::from(Transform {
+            translation: Vec3::new(0.0, -54.493, 324.34),
+            rotation: Quat::from_euler(XYZ, 1.9, 0.3, 3.0),
+            scale: Vec3::new(1.345, 1.345, 1.345),
+        });
+        let retransformed = reparent_to_same(t1, t2);
+        assert!(
+            transform_equal(t1, retransformed),
+            "t1:{:#?} retransformed:{:#?}",
+            t1.compute_transform(),
+            retransformed,
+        );
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn reparented_usecase() {
+        let t1 = GlobalTransform::from(Transform {
+            translation: Vec3::new(1034.0, 34.0, -1324.34),
+            rotation: Quat::from_euler(XYZ, 0.8, 1.9, 2.1),
+            scale: Vec3::new(10.9, 10.9, 10.9),
+        });
+        let t2 = GlobalTransform::from(Transform {
+            translation: Vec3::new(28.0, -54.493, 324.34),
+            rotation: Quat::from_euler(XYZ, 0.0, 3.1, 0.1),
+            scale: Vec3::new(0.9, 0.9, 0.9),
+        });
+        // goal: find `X` such as `t2 * X = t1`
+        let reparented = t1.reparented_to(&t2);
+        let t1_prime = t2 * reparented;
+        assert!(
+            transform_equal(t1, t1_prime.into()),
+            "t1:{:#?} t1_prime:{:#?}",
+            t1.compute_transform(),
+            t1_prime.compute_transform(),
+        );
+    }
+}