Fix: Handle Kubernetes API responses with non-JSON bodies

providers/cncf/kubernetes/src/airflow/providers/cncf/kubernetes/executors/kubernetes_executor.py

@@ -368,20 +368,31 @@ def sync(self) -> None:
                     )
                     self.fail(task[0], e)
                 except ApiException as e:
-                    body = json.loads(e.body)
+                    try:
+                        if e.body:
+                            body = json.loads(e.body)
+                        else:
+                            # If no body content, use reason as the message
+                            body = {"message": e.reason}
+                    except (json.JSONDecodeError, ValueError, TypeError):
+                        # If the body is a string (e.g., in a 429 error), it can't be parsed as JSON.
+                        # Use the body directly as the message instead.
+                        body = {"message": e.body}
+
                     retries = self.task_publish_retries[key]
                     # In case of exceeded quota or conflict errors, requeue the task as per the task_publish_max_retries
+                    message = body.get("message", "")
                     if (
-                        (str(e.status) == "403" and "exceeded quota" in body["message"])
-                        or (str(e.status) == "409" and "object has been modified" in body["message"])
+                        (str(e.status) == "403" and "exceeded quota" in message)
+                        or (str(e.status) == "409" and "object has been modified" in message)
                     ) and (self.task_publish_max_retries == -1 or retries < self.task_publish_max_retries):
                         self.log.warning(
                             "[Try %s of %s] Kube ApiException for Task: (%s). Reason: %r. Message: %s",
                             self.task_publish_retries[key] + 1,
                             self.task_publish_max_retries,
                             key,
                             e.reason,
-                            body["message"],
+                            message,
                         )
                         self.task_queue.put(task)
                         self.task_publish_retries[key] = retries + 1

providers/cncf/kubernetes/src/airflow/providers/cncf/kubernetes/operators/kueue.py

@@ -65,12 +65,27 @@ def execute(self, context):
         try:
             self.hook.apply_from_yaml_file(yaml_objects=yaml_objects)
         except FailToCreateError as ex:
-            error_bodies = [json.loads(e.body) for e in ex.api_exceptions]
+            error_bodies = []
+            for e in ex.api_exceptions:
+                try:
+                    if e.body:
+                        error_bodies.append(json.loads(e.body))
+                    else:
+                        # If no body content, use reason as the message
+                        reason = getattr(e, "reason", "Unknown")
+                        error_bodies.append({"message": reason, "reason": reason})
+                except (json.JSONDecodeError, ValueError, TypeError):
+                    # If the body is a string (e.g., in a 429 error), it can't be parsed as JSON.
+                    # Use the body directly as the message instead.
+                    error_bodies.append({"message": e.body, "reason": getattr(e, "reason", "Unknown")})
             if next((e for e in error_bodies if e.get("reason") == "AlreadyExists"), None):
                 self.log.info("Kueue is already enabled for the cluster")
 
             if errors := [e for e in error_bodies if e.get("reason") != "AlreadyExists"]:
-                error_message = "\n".join(e.get("body") for e in errors)
+                error_message = "\n".join(
+                    e.get("message") or e.get("body") or f"Unknown error: {e.get('reason', 'Unknown')}"
+                    for e in errors
+                )
                 raise AirflowException(error_message)
             return
 

providers/cncf/kubernetes/tests/unit/cncf/kubernetes/executors/test_kubernetes_executor.py

@@ -386,6 +386,27 @@ def setup_method(self) -> None:
                 State.SUCCESS,
                 id="409 conflict",
             ),
+            pytest.param(
+                HTTPResponse(body="Too many requests, please try again later.", status=429),
+                0,
+                False,
+                State.FAILED,
+                id="429 Too Many Requests (non-JSON body)",
+            ),
+            pytest.param(
+                HTTPResponse(body="Too many requests, please try again later.", status=429),
+                1,
+                False,
+                State.FAILED,
+                id="429 Too Many Requests (non-JSON body) (task_publish_max_retries=1)",
+            ),
+            pytest.param(
+                HTTPResponse(body="", status=429),
+                0,
+                False,
+                State.FAILED,
+                id="429 Too Many Requests (empty body)",
+            ),
         ],
     )
     @mock.patch("airflow.providers.cncf.kubernetes.executors.kubernetes_executor_utils.KubernetesJobWatcher")

providers/cncf/kubernetes/tests/unit/cncf/kubernetes/operators/test_kueue.py

@@ -115,6 +115,29 @@ def test_execute_error(self, mock_hook, mock_log):
         mock_hook.return_value.check_kueue_deployment_running.assert_not_called()
         mock_log.info.assert_called_once_with("Kueue is already enabled for the cluster")
 
+    @mock.patch(KUEUE_OPERATORS_PATH.format("KubernetesInstallKueueOperator.log"))
+    @mock.patch(KUEUE_OPERATORS_PATH.format("KubernetesHook"))
+    def test_execute_non_json_response(self, mock_hook, mock_log):
+        """Test handling of non-JSON API response bodies (e.g., 429 errors)."""
+        mock_get_yaml_content_from_file = mock_hook.return_value.get_yaml_content_from_file
+        mock_yaml_objects = mock_get_yaml_content_from_file.return_value
+        mock_apply_from_yaml_file = mock_hook.return_value.apply_from_yaml_file
+
+        # Create mock exceptions with non-JSON bodies (simulating 429 errors)
+        api_exceptions = [
+            mock.MagicMock(body="Too many requests, please try again later.", reason="TooManyRequests"),
+            mock.MagicMock(body="", reason="RateLimited"),  # Empty body case
+        ]
+        mock_apply_from_yaml_file.side_effect = FailToCreateError(api_exceptions)
+        expected_error_message = "Too many requests, please try again later.\nRateLimited"
+
+        with pytest.raises(AirflowException, match=expected_error_message):
+            self.operator.execute(context=mock.MagicMock())
+
+        mock_get_yaml_content_from_file.assert_called_once_with(kueue_yaml_url=KUEUE_YAML_URL)
+        mock_apply_from_yaml_file.assert_called_once_with(yaml_objects=mock_yaml_objects)
+        mock_hook.return_value.check_kueue_deployment_running.assert_not_called()
+
 
 class TestKubernetesStartKueueJobOperator:
     def test_template_fields(self):