ci: test with latest GCC/Clang

[lidavidm]

What feature or improvement would you like to see?

#1990 (comment)

Perhaps we can do this in a nightly job. Ideally we'd enable all warnings and such and even clang-tidy for completeness.

[paleolimbot]

There are some images for doing this with R ( https://r-hub.github.io/containers/ ), for which the source dockerfiles might be useful:

https://github.com/r-hub/containers/blob/main/containers/clang19/Dockerfile#L85-L95

https://github.com/r-hub/containers/blob/main/containers/clang19/Dockerfile#L85-L95

[lidavidm]

Thanks for the pointer, put up our own dockerfile based on that.