ci(rust): fix build issue on macos

[eitsupi]

It seems that CI has started to fail as a result of macos-latest changing from macos 14 to 15.

 [ 65%] Building CXX object driver/sqlite/CMakeFiles/adbc_driver_sqlite_objlib.dir/sqlite.cc.o
/Users/runner/work/arrow-adbc/arrow-adbc/c/driver/sqlite/sqlite.cc:718:16: error: use of undeclared identifier 'sqlite3_load_extension'
  718 |       int rc = sqlite3_load_extension(conn_, extension_path_.c_str(),
      |                ^
1 error generated.
make[2]: *** [driver/sqlite/CMakeFiles/adbc_driver_sqlite_objlib.dir/sqlite.cc.o] Error 1
make[1]: *** [driver/sqlite/CMakeFiles/adbc_driver_sqlite_objlib.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [all] Error 2

I don't know why this error is occurring, but it looks like it can be avoided by making a change like #1259.

[amoeba]

In the CI log, it looks like it's finding the macOS version of sqlite but I thought we always need/want the homebrew version. I see this,

2025-08-11T14:57:00.1638800Z -- Found SQLite3: /Applications/Xcode_16.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX15.0.sdk/usr/include (found version "3.43.2")

The workflow sets up DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH correctly to handle brew sqlite but I don't see where it gets installed.

[eitsupi]

Thanks for looking at this.
Would it be better to install sqlite via Homebrew?
(Strangely, I don't see sqlite in the list of installed software on the macos-14 image either, so I don't know why this hasn't happened before.)

[lidavidm]

I think this change is fine since the Rust test doesn't really need the extension loading.