[C++][Dataset] Parquet Dataset factory from a _metadata/_common_metadata file

[asfimport]

Partitioned parquet datasets sometimes come with _metadata / _common_metadata files. Those files include information about the schema of the full dataset and potentially all RowGroup metadata as well (for _metadata).

Using those files during the creation of a parquet Dataset can give a more efficient factory (using the stored schema instead of inferring the schema from unioning the schemas of all files + using the paths to individual parquet files instead of crawling the directory).

Basically, based those files, the schema, list of paths and partition expressions (the information that is needed to create a Dataset) could be constructed.
Such logic could be put in a different factory class, eg ParquetManifestFactory (as suggestetd by @fsaintjacques).

Reporter: Joris Van den Bossche / @jorisvandenbossche
Assignee: Francois Saint-Jacques / @fsaintjacques

Related issues:

• [Python][Dataset] Detect and use _metadata file in a list of file paths (relates to)
• [C++][Dataset] Scanner::ToTable race when ScanTask exit early with an error (relates to)
• [Python][C++] Possibly use _common_metadata for schema if _metadata isn't available (relates to)
• [Python] Multi-file parquet loading without scan (relates to)
• [C++][Dataset][Python] ParquetFileFragment should provide access to parquet FileMetadata (relates to)

PRs and other links:

• GitHub Pull Request #7180

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-8062. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Francois Saint-Jacques / @fsaintjacques:
Issue resolved by pull request 7180
#7180