[C++][Parquet] Introduce ColumnIndex and OffsetIndex

[asfimport]

Define interface of ColumnIndex and OffsetIndex and provide implementation to read from serialized form.

Reporter: Gang Wu / @wgtmac
Assignee: Gang Wu / @wgtmac

PRs and other links:

• GitHub Pull Request #14803
• GitHub Pull Request #31
• GitHub Pull Request #32

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-18420. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Antoine Pitrou / @pitrou:
Issue resolved by pull request 14803
#14803