[C++][Acero] Add pipe_sink, pipe_source and pipe_tee nodes to enable more complex execution plans and query batching.

[gitmodimo]

Describe the enhancement requested

I have been experimenting with the concept of pipe in Acero. It show great potential in expanding Acero flexibility and features. Initial draft and proof of concept implementation is available here: PR-45435

Consider named_pipe that:

• has one sink (pipe_sink or pipe_tee)
• has multiple sources (pipe_source)
• each ExecBatch that enters sink (pipe_sink/pipe_tee) is duplicated to all of its outputs (pipe_source)
• sinks are matched with sources by pipe_name in Init phase of exec plan

pipe_sink - is a sink node that consumes RecordBatches and duplicates them onto all pipe_sources that match by name.
pipe_tee - works exactly as pipe_sink and additionally forwards the batch to its output
pipe_source - is pipe consumer node that can be considered as source node in terms of declaration

Example of new flexibility given new nodes:

Declaration main_query= Declaration::Sequence({
     {"source", ...},
     {"pipe_tee", PipeSinkNodeOptions{"named_pipe_1"}},
     {"filter", FilterNodeOptions{expr1},
     {"sink", ...}
});

Declaration extra_query= Declaration::Sequence({
     {"pipe_source", PipeSourceNodeOptions{"named_pipe_1", schema}}
     {"filter", FilterNodeOptions{expr2},
     {"sink", ...}
});
...
main_query.AddToPlan(plan.get());
extra_query.AddToPlan(plan.get());

Things left to do:

• refactor the code and add pipe_sink
• handle instances of pipe_sources consumers that do not have corresponding producers - produce error
• probably more tests
• update doc

Let me know what you think about this feature and whether there are any pitfalls that I missed. What additional test cases should I implement?

Component(s)

C++

[gitmodimo]

I am pretty content with current implementation of pipe. In addition to enabling tee nodes I found additional use for Pipe to produce additional outputs for user defined acero nodes.
Please advise if you see pipes fit for acero. If so I will update PR with docs and probably some clean-up in tests.

[gitmodimo]

I will convert to draft until #47385 is complete. Backpressure unification can be applied here.