ARROW-14653: [R] head() hangs on CSV datasets > 600MB

[thisisnic]

This PR switches to using the asynchronous scanner by default when reading in datasets. I've tested it locally on a large dataset (2.5Gb of CSV files) and it does resolve the original issue, but due to the size of the files involved I wasn't sure this was something I could easily write tests for.

[github-actions]

https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-14653

[github-actions]

⚠️ Ticket has not been started in JIRA, please click 'Start Progress'.

[thisisnic]

@ursabot please benchmark lang=r

[westonpace]

This will hopefully be superseded by #11991 but it can't hurt to have in the meantime.

[jonkeane]

@ursabot please benchmark lang=R

[jonkeane]

@ursabot please benchmark

[ursabot]

Benchmark runs are scheduled for baseline = cb1897e and contender = 762fad5. 762fad5 is a master commit associated with this PR. Results will be available as each benchmark for each run completes.
Conbench compare runs links:
[Finished ⬇️0.0% ⬆️0.0%] ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2
[Failed ⬇️1.35% ⬆️0.0%] ursa-i9-9960x
[Failed] ursa-thinkcentre-m75q
Supported benchmarks:
ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2: Supported benchmark langs: Python. Runs only benchmarks with cloud = True
ursa-i9-9960x: Supported benchmark langs: Python, R, JavaScript
ursa-thinkcentre-m75q: Supported benchmark langs: C++, Java