ARROW-15626: [GLib] Fix a bug that GArrowGIOInputStream may not read enough data

[rsaccoccio]

If GIOInputStream is used with a file descriptor that can return short reads, it will too. This breaks the assumption by callers that the Read() will return all that it asked for.

[github-actions]

https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-15626

[github-actions]

⚠️ Ticket has not been started in JIRA, please click 'Start Progress'.

[kou]

Good catch!

[kou]

+1

[ursabot]

Benchmark runs are scheduled for baseline = 4354ad7 and contender = 0650241. 0650241 is a master commit associated with this PR. Results will be available as each benchmark for each run completes.
Conbench compare runs links:
[Finished ⬇️0.0% ⬆️0.0%] ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2
[Finished ⬇️0.46% ⬆️0.0%] test-mac-arm
[Failed ⬇️0.38% ⬆️0.0%] ursa-i9-9960x
[Finished ⬇️0.3% ⬆️0.04%] ursa-thinkcentre-m75q
Buildkite builds:
[Finished] <https://buildkite.com/apache-arrow/arrow-bci-benchmark-on-ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2/builds/547| 06502414 ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2>
[Finished] <https://buildkite.com/apache-arrow/arrow-bci-benchmark-on-test-mac-arm/builds/534| 06502414 test-mac-arm>
[Failed] <https://buildkite.com/apache-arrow/arrow-bci-benchmark-on-ursa-i9-9960x/builds/533| 06502414 ursa-i9-9960x>
[Finished] <https://buildkite.com/apache-arrow/arrow-bci-benchmark-on-ursa-thinkcentre-m75q/builds/544| 06502414 ursa-thinkcentre-m75q>
[Finished] <https://buildkite.com/apache-arrow/arrow-bci-benchmark-on-ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2/builds/546| 4354ad74 ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2>
[Finished] <https://buildkite.com/apache-arrow/arrow-bci-benchmark-on-test-mac-arm/builds/533| 4354ad74 test-mac-arm>
[Failed] <https://buildkite.com/apache-arrow/arrow-bci-benchmark-on-ursa-i9-9960x/builds/532| 4354ad74 ursa-i9-9960x>
[Finished] <https://buildkite.com/apache-arrow/arrow-bci-benchmark-on-ursa-thinkcentre-m75q/builds/543| 4354ad74 ursa-thinkcentre-m75q>
Supported benchmarks:
ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2: Supported benchmark langs: Python, R. Runs only benchmarks with cloud = True
test-mac-arm: Supported benchmark langs: C++, Python, R
ursa-i9-9960x: Supported benchmark langs: Python, R, JavaScript
ursa-thinkcentre-m75q: Supported benchmark langs: C++, Java