ARROW-3067: [Packaging] Support dev/rc/release .deb/.rpm builds

[kou]

This includes works in #2323 and reverts temporary change in #2288.

[codecov-io]

Codecov Report

Merging #2441 into master will decrease coverage by 0.02%.
The diff coverage is n/a.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #2441      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   85.49%   85.47%   -0.03%     
==========================================
  Files         300      300              
  Lines       45848    45847       -1     
==========================================
- Hits        39199    39188      -11     
- Misses       6579     6585       +6     
- Partials       70       74       +4

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
go/arrow/math/int64_avx2_amd64.go	0% <0%> (-100%)	⬇️
go/arrow/memory/memory_avx2_amd64.go	0% <0%> (-100%)	⬇️
go/arrow/math/uint64_avx2_amd64.go	0% <0%> (-100%)	⬇️
go/arrow/math/float64_avx2_amd64.go	0% <0%> (-100%)	⬇️
go/arrow/memory/memory_amd64.go	28.57% <0%> (-14.29%)	⬇️
go/arrow/math/math_amd64.go	31.57% <0%> (-5.27%)	⬇️
cpp/src/arrow/test-util.h	74.6% <0%> (-0.2%)	⬇️
go/arrow/math/int64_amd64.go	33.33% <0%> (ø)	⬆️
go/arrow/math/uint64_amd64.go	33.33% <0%> (ø)	⬆️
go/arrow/math/float64_amd64.go	33.33% <0%> (ø)	⬆️
... and 4 more

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[wesm]

+1