GH-43855: [Python] Support inference and conversion of uuid.UUID objects

[amoeba]

So far this just does the inference step.

Rationale for this change

Support code like pa.array([uuid.uuid4()]). See #43855.

What changes are included in this PR?

• Inference of incoming uuid.UUID objects as extension::uuid
• Conversion of above
• Documentation for this

Are these changes tested?

WIP.

Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes, though minor. Docs should be added here.

• GitHub Issue: [Python] Infer and convert uuid.UUID objects in the python->arrow conversion layer #43855

[github-actions]

⚠️ GitHub issue #43855 has been automatically assigned in GitHub to PR creator.

[pitrou]

@AlenkaF

[matthias-Q]

I think this will not be reviewed as long as it is marked as DRAFT, right?

[amoeba]

Hi @matthias-Q, that's right. It's not ready for review yet, I ran out of steam. I'm leaving it open in case someone else wants to continue.