[CI][C++] Curate ci/vcpkg/vcpkg.json

[pitrou]

Some Boost dependencies are superfluous.

Rationale for this change

What changes are included in this PR?

Are these changes tested?

Are there any user-facing changes?

[github-actions]

Thanks for opening a pull request!

If this is not a minor PR. Could you open an issue for this pull request on GitHub? https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/new/choose

Opening GitHub issues ahead of time contributes to the Openness of the Apache Arrow project.

Then could you also rename the pull request title in the following format?

GH-${GITHUB_ISSUE_ID}: [${COMPONENT}] ${SUMMARY}

or

MINOR: [${COMPONENT}] ${SUMMARY}

See also:

• Other pull requests
• Contribution Guidelines - Contributing Overview

[pitrou]

@github-actions crossbow submit wheelcp312*

[pitrou]

@github-actions crossbow submit wheelcp312*

[github-actions]

Revision: bb1be10

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-e00175caf3

Task	Status
wheel-macos-monterey-cp312-cp312-amd64
wheel-macos-monterey-cp312-cp312-arm64
wheel-manylinux-2-28-cp312-cp312-amd64
wheel-manylinux-2-28-cp312-cp312-arm64
wheel-manylinux-2014-cp312-cp312-amd64
wheel-manylinux-2014-cp312-cp312-arm64
wheel-windows-cp312-amd64