GH-48254: [Python][Parquet] Support extension types in read_schema

python/pyarrow/parquet/core.py

@@ -259,6 +259,9 @@ class ParquetFile:
         If nothing passed, will be inferred based on path.
         Path will try to be found in the local on-disk filesystem otherwise
         it will be parsed as an URI to determine the filesystem.
+    arrow_extensions_enabled : bool, default True
+        If True, read Parquet logical types as Arrow extension types where
+        possible.
     page_checksum_verification : bool, default False
         If True, verify the checksum for each page read from the file.
     arrow_extensions_enabled : bool, default True
@@ -2347,6 +2350,10 @@ def read_metadata(where, memory_map=False, decryption_properties=None,
         If nothing passed, will be inferred based on path.
         Path will try to be found in the local on-disk filesystem otherwise
         it will be parsed as an URI to determine the filesystem.
+    arrow_extensions_enabled : bool, default True
+        If True, read Parquet logical types as Arrow extension types where
+        possible (e.g. UUID as the canonical `arrow.uuid` extension type).
+        If False, use the underlying storage types instead.
 
     Returns
     -------
@@ -2382,7 +2389,7 @@ def read_metadata(where, memory_map=False, decryption_properties=None,
 
 
 def read_schema(where, memory_map=False, decryption_properties=None,
-                filesystem=None):
+                filesystem=None, arrow_extensions_enabled=True):
     """
     Read effective Arrow schema from Parquet file metadata.
 
@@ -2422,11 +2429,15 @@ def read_schema(where, memory_map=False, decryption_properties=None,
 
     with file_ctx:
         file = ParquetFile(
-            where, memory_map=memory_map,
-            decryption_properties=decryption_properties)
+            where,
+            memory_map=memory_map,
+            decryption_properties=decryption_properties,
+            arrow_extensions_enabled=arrow_extensions_enabled,
+        )
+        if arrow_extensions_enabled:
+            return file.schema_arrow
         return file.schema.to_arrow_schema()
 
-
 __all__ = (
     "ColumnChunkMetaData",
     "ColumnSchema",

python/pyarrow/tests/parquet/test_data_types.py

@@ -604,6 +604,25 @@ def test_uuid_extension_type():
         store_schema=False)
 
 
+def test_read_schema_uuid_extension_type(tmp_path):
+    data = [
+        b'\xe4`\xf9p\x83QGN\xac\x7f\xa4g>K\xa8\xcb',
+        b'\x1et\x14\x95\xee\xd5C\xea\x9b\xd7s\xdc\x91BK\xaf',
+        None,
+    ]
+    table = pa.table([pa.array(data, type=pa.uuid())], names=["ext"])
+
+    file_path = tmp_path / "uuid.parquet"
+    file_path_str = str(file_path)
+    pq.write_table(table, file_path_str, store_schema=False)
+
+    schema_default = pq.read_schema(file_path_str)
+    assert schema_default.field("ext").type == pa.uuid()
+
+    schema_disabled = pq.read_schema(file_path_str, arrow_extensions_enabled=False)
+    assert schema_disabled.field("ext").type == pa.binary(16)
+
+
 def test_undefined_logical_type(parquet_test_datadir):
     test_file = f"{parquet_test_datadir}/unknown-logical-type.parquet"