Add GeoJSON support.

[bziobrowski]

This PR adds support for GeoJSON format (see 1 & 2) via following functions:

ST_GeomFromGeoJson(string) -> binary
ST_GeogFromGeoJson(string) -> binary
ST_AsGeoJson(binary) -> string

Supported data types:

• Point
• LineString
• Polygon
• MultiPoint
• MultiLineString
• MultiPolygon
• GeometryCollection
• Feature
• FeatureCollection

Examples:

A. Convert from WKT to GeoJSON:

• convert Point geometry

select ST_AsGeoJson(ST_GeomFromText('POINT (1 2)'))

returns

{ 
  "type":"Point",
  "coordinates":[1,2],
  "crs":{"type":"name","properties":{"name":"EPSG:0"}}
}

• convert point geography

select ST_AsGeoJson(ST_GeogFromText('POINT (1 2)'))

returns

{
  "type":"Point",
  "coordinates":[1,2],
  "crs":{"type":"name","properties":{"name":"EPSG:4326"}}
}

• convert MultiLineString geometry

select ST_AsGeoJson(ST_GeomFromText('MULTILINESTRING ((1 1, 5 1), (2 4, 4 4))'))

returns

{
  "type":"MultiLineString",
  "coordinates":[[[1,1],[5,1]],[[2,4],[4,4]]],
  "crs":{"type":"name","properties":{"name":"EPSG:0"}}
}

• convert MultiLineString geography

select ST_AsGeoJson(ST_GeogFromText('MULTILINESTRING ((1 1, 5 1), (2 4, 4 4))')) 

returns

{
  "type":"MultiLineString",
  "coordinates":[[[1,1],[5,1]],[[2,4],[4,4]]],
  "crs":{"type":"name","properties":{"name":"EPSG:4326"}}
}

B. Convert from GeoJson to WKT:

• convert Point geometry

select ST_AsText(ST_GeomFromGeoJson('{"type":"Point","coordinates":[1,2]}')) 

returns
POINT (1 2)

• convert MultiLineString geometry

select ST_AsText(ST_GeomFromGeoJson('{"type":"MultiLineString","coordinates":[[[1,1],[5,1]],[[2,4],[4,4]]]}'')

returns
MULTILINESTRING ((1 1, 5 1), (2 4, 4 4))

References:

1. https://geojson.org/
2. https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7946

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 68.84422% with 62 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 63.93%. Comparing base (59551e4) to head (fa39c6c).
Report is 1391 commits behind head on master.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...re/geospatial/transform/function/StringReader.java	40.62%	18 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️
...patial/transform/function/StringBuilderWriter.java	43.47%	13 Missing ⚠️
...sform/function/BaseBinaryGeoTransformFunction.java	66.66%	8 Missing ⚠️
...patial/transform/function/StAsGeoJsonFunction.java	73.91%	4 Missing and 2 partials ⚠️
...ospatial/transform/function/StPolygonFunction.java	0.00%	6 Missing ⚠️
...ansform/function/ConstructFromGeoJsonFunction.java	83.33%	2 Missing and 2 partials ⚠️
...geospatial/transform/function/ScalarFunctions.java	0.00%	3 Missing ⚠️
...eospatial/transform/function/StAsTextFunction.java	81.81%	2 Missing ⚠️
.../transform/function/ConstructFromTextFunction.java	83.33%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##             master   #14405      +/-   ##
============================================
+ Coverage     61.75%   63.93%   +2.18%     
- Complexity      207     1570    +1363     
============================================
  Files          2436     2681     +245     
  Lines        133233   147100   +13867     
  Branches      20636    22568    +1932     
============================================
+ Hits          82274    94047   +11773     
- Misses        44911    46125    +1214     
- Partials       6048     6928     +880     

Flag	Coverage Δ
custom-integration1	100.00% <ø> (+99.99%)	⬆️
integration	100.00% <ø> (+99.99%)	⬆️
integration1	100.00% <ø> (+99.99%)	⬆️
integration2	0.00% <ø> (ø)
java-11	63.89% <68.84%> (+2.18%)	⬆️
java-21	63.81% <68.84%> (+2.18%)	⬆️
skip-bytebuffers-false	63.92% <68.84%> (+2.18%)	⬆️
skip-bytebuffers-true	63.77% <68.84%> (+36.04%)	⬆️
temurin	63.93% <68.84%> (+2.18%)	⬆️
unittests	63.92% <68.84%> (+2.18%)	⬆️
unittests1	55.69% <68.84%> (+8.80%)	⬆️
unittests2	34.51% <3.01%> (+6.78%)	⬆️

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[Jackie-Jiang]

Standard function documentation:

• ST_GeomFromGeoJSON: https://postgis.net/docs/ST_GeomFromGeoJSON.html
• ST_AsGeoJSON: https://postgis.net/docs/ST_AsGeoJSON.html

Seems ST_GeogFromGeoJSON is not a standard geo function?

[Jackie-Jiang]

Mostly good

[Jackie-Jiang]

Great job! Please help also update the pinot documentation for these new functions