[fix][client] Fix deadlock of NegativeAcksTracker

[thetumbled]

Fixes #23650

Motivation

• Consumer thread holding the lock of itself call NegativeAcksTracker.close, want to acquire NegativeAcksTracker's lock.
• NegativeAcksTracker thread holding the lock of itself call NegativeAcksTracker.triggerRedelivery, want to acquire Consumer's lock.

Modifications

Reduce the scope of lock to avoid deadlock, that is release the lock of NegativeAcksTracker in NegativeAcksTracker.triggerRedelivery before acquire the lock of consumer.

Verifying this change

• Make sure that the change passes the CI checks.

This change added tests and can be verified as follows:

Does this pull request potentially affect one of the following parts:

If the box was checked, please highlight the changes

• Dependencies (add or upgrade a dependency)
• The public API
• The schema
• The default values of configurations
• The threading model
• The binary protocol
• The REST endpoints
• The admin CLI options
• The metrics
• Anything that affects deployment

Documentation

• doc
• doc-required
• doc-not-needed
• doc-complete

Matching PR in forked repository

PR in forked repository: thetumbled#67

[lhotari]

LGTM

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 74.34%. Comparing base (bbc6224) to head (a51d02c).
Report is 767 commits behind head on master.

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##             master   #23651      +/-   ##
============================================
+ Coverage     73.57%   74.34%   +0.77%     
- Complexity    32624    34996    +2372     
============================================
  Files          1877     1944      +67     
  Lines        139502   147240    +7738     
  Branches      15299    16250     +951     
============================================
+ Hits         102638   109472    +6834     
- Misses        28908    29318     +410     
- Partials       7956     8450     +494     

Flag	Coverage Δ
inttests	27.20% <0.00%> (+2.62%)	⬆️
systests	24.29% <0.00%> (-0.04%)	⬇️
unittests	73.73% <100.00%> (+0.89%)	⬆️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
...apache/pulsar/client/impl/NegativeAcksTracker.java	98.43% <100.00%> (+0.39%)	⬆️

... and 661 files with indirect coverage changes