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Responses
A functioning API is built upon receiving requests and returning a consumable response to the client. An API will generally return responses in an easy to consume format such as JSON. There's a number of different ways to return responses and it will largely depend on how complex your API is or will become.
The easiest way to return a consumable response is to simply return an array or object directly from your controller. Not every object can be correctly formatted though so you should ensure that it implements either the ArrayObject or the Illuminate\Support\Contracts\ArrayableInterface interface.
class UserController
{
public function index()
{
return User::all();
}
}In this case our User class extends from Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model which means it can be formatted as an array, so we can simply return the collection of users we get from calling User::all(). Similarly you can use it return a single user.
class UserController
{
public function show($id)
{
return User::findOrFail($id);
}
}The package will automatically format the response as JSON and set the Content-Type header to application/json.
The response builder provides a fluent interface to easily build a more customizable response. The response builder is generally used in conjunction with transformers.
To utilize the response builder your controllers should use the Dingo\Api\Routing\Helpers trait. To save importing and using the trait on all your controllers you can simply create a base controller that all your API controllers will extend.
use Dingo\Api\Routing\Helpers;
use Illuminate\Routing\Controller;
class BaseController extends Controller
{
use Helpers;
}Now your controllers can simply extend this base controller. The response builder is available via the $response property on your controller. Note that all the methods below can also be used as withX should you prefer that syntax.
Some of the documentation below makes use of Transformers, be sure to read that chapter for more details.
class UserController extends BaseController
{
public function show($id)
{
$user = User::findOrFail($id);
return $this->response->array($user->toArray());
}
}You can also specify a transformer for array responses.
class UserController extends BaseController
{
public function show($id)
{
$setOfThings = [ 'a' => 1, 'b' => 2 ];
return $this->response->array($setOfThings, new ArbitraryTransformer);
}
}class UserController extends BaseController
{
public function show($id)
{
$user = User::findOrFail($id);
return $this->response->item($user, new UserTransformer);
}
}class UserController extends BaseController
{
public function index()
{
$users = User::all();
return $this->response->collection($users, new UserTransformer);
}
}class UserController extends BaseController
{
public function index()
{
$users = User::paginate(25);
return $this->response->paginator($users, new UserTransformer);
}
}return $this->response->noContent();return $this->response->created();You can also optionally provide a location for the created resource as the first paramter.
return $this->response->created($location);There's a number of different built in errors you can use to quickly generate an error response.
// A generic error with custom message and status code.
return $this->response->error('This is an error.', 404);
// A not found error with an optional message as the first parameter.
return $this->response->errorNotFound();
// A bad request error with an optional message as the first parameter.
return $this->response->errorBadRequest();
// A forbidden error with an optional message as the first parameter.
return $this->response->errorForbidden();
// An internal error with an optional message as the first parameter.
return $this->response->errorInternal();
// An unauthorized error with an optional message as the first parameter.
return $this->response->errorUnauthorized();Once you've used one of the above methods you can further customize the response by adding additional headers.
return $this->response->item($user, new UserTransformer)->withHeader('X-Foo', 'Bar');Some transformation layers may utilize meta data. This is useful when you need to provide extra data that's associated with the resource.
return $this->response->item($user, new UserTransformer)->addMeta('foo', 'bar');You can also set an array of meta data instead of chaining multiple method calls.
return $this->response->item($user, new UserTransformer)->setMeta($meta);return $this->response->item($user, new UserTransformer)->setStatusCode(200);In the configuration chapter we briefly touched on response formats. By default the package will automatically use the JSON format and set an appropriate Content-Type header. Aside from a JSON formatter there is also a JSONP formatter. This formatter will wrap the responses in a callback. To register this format you can simply swap out the default JSON formatter in the configuration file or in your bootstrap file.
'formats' => [
'json' => 'Dingo\Api\Http\Response\Format\Jsonp'
]Dingo\Api\Http\Response::addFormatter('json', new Dingo\Api\Http\Response\Format\Jsonp);By default the callback parameter expected in the query string is callback, this can be changed by passing in the first parameter to the class constructor. If the query string does not contain a parameter with the name of your callback parameter it will default to a JSON response.
You can also register and use your own formatters should you need to. Your formatter should extend Dingo\Api\Http\Response\Format\Format. There following methods should be defined: formatEloquentModel, formatEloquentCollection, formatArray, and getContentType. Refer to the abstract class for more details on what each method should do or take a look at the pre-defined format classes.
Before this package sends a response it will first morph the response. This process involves running any transformers as well as sending the response through the configured formatter. If you need more control of how a response is morphed you can use the ResponseWasMorphed and ResponseIsMorphing events.
Create a listener for either event in your app/Listeners directory.
use Dingo\Api\Event\ResponseWasMorphed;
class AddPaginationLinksToResponse
{
public function handle(ResponseWasMorphed $event)
{
if (isset($event->content['meta']['pagination'])) {
$links = $event->content['meta']['pagination']['links'];
$event->response->headers->set(
'link',
sprintf('<%s>; rel="next", <%s>; rel="prev"', $links['links']['next'], $links['links']['previous'])
);
}
}
}You can then listen for the events by adding the event and your listener in your EventServiceProvider.
protected $listen = [
'Dingo\Api\Event\ResponseWasMorphed' => [
'App\Listeners\AddPaginationLinksToResponse'
]
];Now all responses that contain pagination links will also add these links to the Link header.
Note that this code isn't production ready and is merely a demonstration of how you can utilize the events.