Support returnPartialData and refetchWritePolicy in useBackgroundQuery

[alessbell]

Closes #10893 and stacks on top of #10951 (merged).

Checklist:

• If this PR contains changes to the library itself (not necessary for e.g. docs updates), please include a changeset (see CONTRIBUTING.md)
• If this PR is a new feature, please reference an issue where a consensus about the design was reached (not necessary for small changes)
• Make sure all of the significant new logic is covered by tests

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: c12e24c

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package

Name	Type
@apollo/client	Patch

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[jerelmiller]

Awesome stuff! Really great to get the types dialed in. Thanks for pushing this forward!

[github-actions]

size-limit report 📦

Path	Size
dist/apollo-client.min.cjs	36.85 KB (0%)
import { ApolloClient, InMemoryCache, HttpLink } from "dist/main.cjs"	43.38 KB (0%)
import { ApolloClient, InMemoryCache, HttpLink } from "dist/index.js"	32.56 KB (0%)
import { ApolloProvider } from "dist/react/index.js"	1.3 KB (0%)
import { useQuery } from "dist/react/index.js"	4.33 KB (0%)
import { useLazyQuery } from "dist/react/index.js"	4.65 KB (0%)
import { useMutation } from "dist/react/index.js"	2.56 KB (0%)
import { useSubscription } from "dist/react/index.js"	2.31 KB (0%)
import { useSuspenseQuery } from "dist/react/index.js"	3.71 KB (0%)
import { useBackgroundQuery } from "dist/react/index.js"	3.78 KB (0%)
import { useReadQuery } from "dist/react/index.js"	2.48 KB (0%)
import { useFragment } from "dist/react/index.js"	2.12 KB (0%)

[jerelmiller]

🎉 Great to have this in there!

[jerelmiller]

😱 I love this so much. Sure is cleaner than await waitFor