ci: only run Stale Action on specifically labeled issues and PRs

[agilgur5]

Motivation

• only run on issues labeled with "problem/more information needed"

  • same as done in Workflows ci: add Stale Action for specifically labeled issues and PRs argo-workflows#12488

• most issues and PRs are marked and closed as stale in this repo only because they've never been followed up on, not because they're missing information

  • for instance, a PR that never got a review or an issue with no maintainer response
    • this has happened to me many times too and it even happens on pinned issues like argo-ui: future state of this repo #453
      • and b/c of argo-ui: future state of this repo #453, this repo does not get much attention, which exacerbates the issue, resulting in closed PRs and issues that are actually still relevant
  • we should only start the stale process for issues/PRs that need action from the contributor, not ones that need action from maintainers
    • same rationale as in Workflows chore: Remove stale bot argo-workflows#11836 (comment), Remove mentoring docs/issue template argo-workflows#11802 (comment)

Modifications

• add only-labels configuration to check for the problem/more information needed label

  • and labels-to-remove-when-unstale to remove the same label when marked as no longer stale

• also use standard, categorized labels for problem/stale instead of no-issue-activity and no-pr-activity

  • same as Workflows chore: update label categories / names argo-workflows#12789

• explicitly set the timelines for stale and close, matching Workflows

Future Work

• will have a follow-up PR to standardize dependabot labels as well. EDIT: see ci(deps): set labels and commit prefix for dependabot #550
• and one to fix formatting and OpenSSF Scorecard issues in this GH Workflow (action needs to be pinned, needs a top-level permissions.contents: read, etc). EDIT: see refactor(ci): standardize Stale Action config #551
  • this PR is very purpose specific

[agilgur5]

• also use standard, categorized labels for problem/stale instead of no-issue-activity and no-pr-activity

  • same as Workflows chore: update label categories / names argo-workflows#12789

re-labeled all as problem/stale