[red-knot] Add explicit TODO branches for many typing special forms a…

…nd qualifiers (#14936)

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/annotations/stdlib_typing_aliases.md

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+# Typing-module aliases to other stdlib classes
+
+The `typing` module has various aliases to other stdlib classes. These are a legacy feature, but
+still need to be supported by a type checker.
+
+## Currently unsupported
+
+Support for most of these symbols is currently a TODO:
+
+```py
+import typing
+
+def f(
+    a: typing.List,
+    b: typing.List[int],
+    c: typing.Dict,
+    d: typing.Dict[int, str],
+    e: typing.DefaultDict,
+    f: typing.DefaultDict[str, int],
+    g: typing.Set,
+    h: typing.Set[int],
+    i: typing.FrozenSet,
+    j: typing.FrozenSet[str],
+    k: typing.OrderedDict,
+    l: typing.OrderedDict[int, str],
+    m: typing.Counter,
+    n: typing.Counter[int],
+):
+    reveal_type(a)  # revealed: @Todo(Unsupported or invalid type in a type expression)
+    reveal_type(b)  # revealed: @Todo(typing.List alias)
+    reveal_type(c)  # revealed: @Todo(Unsupported or invalid type in a type expression)
+    reveal_type(d)  # revealed: @Todo(typing.Dict alias)
+    reveal_type(e)  # revealed: @Todo(Unsupported or invalid type in a type expression)
+    reveal_type(f)  # revealed: @Todo(typing.DefaultDict[] alias)
+    reveal_type(g)  # revealed: @Todo(Unsupported or invalid type in a type expression)
+    reveal_type(h)  # revealed: @Todo(typing.Set alias)
+    reveal_type(i)  # revealed: @Todo(Unsupported or invalid type in a type expression)
+    reveal_type(j)  # revealed: @Todo(typing.FrozenSet alias)
+    reveal_type(k)  # revealed: @Todo(Unsupported or invalid type in a type expression)
+    reveal_type(l)  # revealed: @Todo(typing.OrderedDict alias)
+    reveal_type(m)  # revealed: @Todo(Unsupported or invalid type in a type expression)
+    reveal_type(n)  # revealed: @Todo(typing.Counter[] alias)
+```
+
+## Inheritance
+
+The aliases can be inherited from. Some of these are still partially or wholly TODOs.
+
+```py
+import typing
+
+class A(typing.Dict): ...
+
+# TODO: should have `Generic`, should not have `Unknown`
+reveal_type(A.__mro__)  # revealed: tuple[Literal[A], Literal[dict], Unknown, Literal[object]]
+
+class B(typing.List): ...
+
+# TODO: should have `Generic`, should not have `Unknown`
+reveal_type(B.__mro__)  # revealed: tuple[Literal[B], Literal[list], Unknown, Literal[object]]
+
+class C(typing.Set): ...
+
+# TODO: should have `Generic`, should not have `Unknown`
+reveal_type(C.__mro__)  # revealed: tuple[Literal[C], Literal[set], Unknown, Literal[object]]
+
+class D(typing.FrozenSet): ...
+
+# TODO: should have `Generic`, should not have `Unknown`
+reveal_type(D.__mro__)  # revealed: tuple[Literal[D], Literal[frozenset], Unknown, Literal[object]]
+
+class E(typing.DefaultDict): ...
+
+reveal_type(E.__mro__)  # revealed: tuple[Literal[E], @Todo(Support for more typing aliases as base classes), Literal[object]]
+
+class F(typing.OrderedDict): ...
+
+reveal_type(F.__mro__)  # revealed: tuple[Literal[F], @Todo(Support for more typing aliases as base classes), Literal[object]]
+
+class G(typing.Counter): ...
+
+reveal_type(G.__mro__)  # revealed: tuple[Literal[G], @Todo(Support for more typing aliases as base classes), Literal[object]]
+```

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/annotations/unsupported_special_forms.md

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+# Unsupported special forms
+
+## Not yet supported
+
+Several special forms are unsupported by red-knot currently. However, we also don't emit
+false-positive errors if you use one in an annotation:
+
+```py
+from typing_extensions import Self, TypeVarTuple, Unpack, TypeGuard, TypeIs, Concatenate, ParamSpec, TypeAlias, Callable, TypeVar
+
+P = ParamSpec("P")
+Ts = TypeVarTuple("Ts")
+R_co = TypeVar("R_co", covariant=True)
+
+Alias: TypeAlias = int
+
+def f(*args: Unpack[Ts]) -> tuple[Unpack[Ts]]:
+    # TODO: should understand the annotation
+    reveal_type(args)  # revealed: tuple
+
+    reveal_type(Alias)  # revealed: @Todo(Unsupported or invalid type in a type expression)
+
+def g() -> TypeGuard[int]: ...
+def h() -> TypeIs[int]: ...
+def i(callback: Callable[Concatenate[int, P], R_co], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> R_co:
+    # TODO: should understand the annotation
+    reveal_type(args)  # revealed: tuple
+
+    # TODO: should understand the annotation
+    reveal_type(kwargs)  # revealed: dict
+
+    return callback(42, *args, **kwargs)
+
+class Foo:
+    def method(self, x: Self):
+        reveal_type(x)  # revealed: @Todo(Unsupported or invalid type in a type expression)
+```
+
+## Inheritance
+
+You can't inherit from most of these. `typing.Callable` is an exception.
+
+```py
+from typing import Callable
+from typing_extensions import Self, Unpack, TypeGuard, TypeIs, Concatenate
+
+class A(Self): ...  # error: [invalid-base]
+class B(Unpack): ...  # error: [invalid-base]
+class C(TypeGuard): ...  # error: [invalid-base]
+class D(TypeIs): ...  # error: [invalid-base]
+class E(Concatenate): ...  # error: [invalid-base]
+class F(Callable): ...
+
+reveal_type(F.__mro__)  # revealed: tuple[Literal[F], @Todo(Support for more typing aliases as base classes), Literal[object]]
+```
+
+## Subscriptability
+
+Some of these are not subscriptable:
+
+```py
+from typing_extensions import Self, TypeAlias
+
+X: TypeAlias[T] = int  # error: [invalid-type-parameter]
+
+class Foo[T]:
+    # error: [invalid-type-parameter] "Special form `typing.Self` expected no type parameter"
+    # error: [invalid-type-parameter] "Special form `typing.Self` expected no type parameter"
+    def method(self: Self[int]) -> Self[int]:
+        reveal_type(self)  # revealed: Unknown
+```

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/annotations/unsupported_type_qualifiers.md

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+# Unsupported type qualifiers
+
+## Not yet supported
+
+Several type qualifiers are unsupported by red-knot currently. However, we also don't emit
+false-positive errors if you use one in an annotation:
+
+```py
+from typing_extensions import Final, ClassVar, Required, NotRequired, ReadOnly, TypedDict
+
+X: Final = 42
+Y: Final[int] = 42
+
+class Foo:
+    A: ClassVar[int] = 42
+
+# TODO: `TypedDict` is actually valid as a base
+# error: [invalid-base]
+class Bar(TypedDict):
+    x: Required[int]
+    y: NotRequired[str]
+    z: ReadOnly[bytes]
+```
+
+## Inheritance
+
+You can't inherit from a type qualifier.
+
+```py
+from typing_extensions import Final, ClassVar, Required, NotRequired, ReadOnly
+
+class A(Final): ...  # error: [invalid-base]
+class B(ClassVar): ...  # error: [invalid-base]
+class C(Required): ...  # error: [invalid-base]
+class D(NotRequired): ...  # error: [invalid-base]
+class E(ReadOnly): ...  # error: [invalid-base]
+```