Improve Python discovery source messages (#8890)

e.g.

```
❯ echo "anyio" |  cargo run -q -- pip compile - -v
DEBUG uv 0.4.30 (107ab3d 2024-11-07)
DEBUG Starting Python discovery for a default Python
DEBUG Looking for exact match for request a default Python
DEBUG Searching for default Python interpreter in virtual environments, managed installations, or search path
DEBUG Found `cpython-3.12.7-macos-aarch64-none` at `/Users/zb/workspace/uv/.venv/bin/python3` (virtual environment)
```
```
❯ cargo run -q -- pip install anyio -v
DEBUG uv 0.4.30 (107ab3d 2024-11-07)
DEBUG Searching for default Python interpreter in virtual environments
DEBUG Found `cpython-3.12.7-macos-aarch64-none` at `/Users/zb/workspace/uv/.venv/bin/python3` (virtual environment)
```

vs

```
❯ uv  pip install anyio -v
DEBUG uv 0.4.30 (61ed2a2 2024-11-04)
DEBUG Searching for default Python interpreter in system path
DEBUG Found `cpython-3.12.7-macos-aarch64-none` at `/Users/zb/workspace/uv/.venv/bin/python3` (virtual environment)
```

```
❯ echo "anyio" | uv pip compile - -v
DEBUG uv 0.4.30 (61ed2a2 2024-11-04)
DEBUG Starting Python discovery for a default Python
DEBUG Looking for exact match for request a default Python
DEBUG Searching for default Python interpreter in managed installations or system path
DEBUG Found `cpython-3.12.7-macos-aarch64-none` at `/Users/zb/workspace/uv/.venv/bin/python3` (virtual environment)
```

crates/uv-cli/src/lib.rs

@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ pub enum Commands {
     /// interpreters are found by searching for Python executables in the `PATH` environment
     /// variable.
     ///
-    /// On Windows, the `py` launcher is also invoked to find Python executables.
+    /// On Windows, the registry is also searched for Python executables.
     ///
     /// By default, uv will download Python if a version cannot be found. This behavior can be
     /// disabled with the `--no-python-downloads` flag or the `python-downloads` setting.

crates/uv-python/src/discovery.rs

@@ -133,6 +133,12 @@ pub enum EnvironmentPreference {
     Any,
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
+pub(crate) struct DiscoveryPreferences {
+    python_preference: PythonPreference,
+    environment_preference: EnvironmentPreference,
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
 pub enum PythonVariant {
     #[default]
@@ -276,7 +282,7 @@ fn python_executables_from_environments<'a>(
 ///
 /// - Managed Python installations (e.g. `uv python install`)
 /// - The search path (i.e. `PATH`)
-/// - The `py` launcher (Windows only)
+/// - The registry (Windows only)
 ///
 /// The ordering and presence of each source is determined by the [`PythonPreference`].
 ///
@@ -753,6 +759,12 @@ pub fn find_python_installations<'a>(
     preference: PythonPreference,
     cache: &'a Cache,
 ) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<FindPythonResult, Error>> + 'a> {
+    let sources = DiscoveryPreferences {
+        python_preference: preference,
+        environment_preference: environments,
+    }
+    .sources(request);
+
     match request {
         PythonRequest::File(path) => Box::new(std::iter::once({
             if preference.allows(PythonSource::ProvidedPath) {
@@ -831,7 +843,7 @@ pub fn find_python_installations<'a>(
             }
         }
         PythonRequest::Any => Box::new({
-            debug!("Searching for any Python interpreter in {preference}");
+            debug!("Searching for any Python interpreter in {sources}");
             python_interpreters(&VersionRequest::Any, None, environments, preference, cache).map(
                 |result| {
                     result
@@ -841,7 +853,7 @@ pub fn find_python_installations<'a>(
             )
         }),
         PythonRequest::Default => Box::new({
-            debug!("Searching for default Python interpreter in {preference}");
+            debug!("Searching for default Python interpreter in {sources}");
             python_interpreters(
                 &VersionRequest::Default,
                 None,
@@ -860,7 +872,7 @@ pub fn find_python_installations<'a>(
                 return Box::new(std::iter::once(Err(Error::InvalidVersionRequest(err))));
             };
             Box::new({
-                debug!("Searching for {request} in {preference}");
+                debug!("Searching for {request} in {sources}");
                 python_interpreters(version, None, environments, preference, cache).map(|result| {
                     result
                         .map(PythonInstallation::from_tuple)
@@ -869,7 +881,7 @@ pub fn find_python_installations<'a>(
             })
         }
         PythonRequest::Implementation(implementation) => Box::new({
-            debug!("Searching for a {request} interpreter in {preference}");
+            debug!("Searching for a {request} interpreter in {sources}");
             python_interpreters(
                 &VersionRequest::Default,
                 Some(implementation),
@@ -894,7 +906,7 @@ pub fn find_python_installations<'a>(
                 return Box::new(std::iter::once(Err(Error::InvalidVersionRequest(err))));
             };
             Box::new({
-                debug!("Searching for {request} in {preference}");
+                debug!("Searching for {request} in {sources}");
                 python_interpreters(
                     version,
                     Some(implementation),
@@ -922,7 +934,7 @@ pub fn find_python_installations<'a>(
                 };
             };
             Box::new({
-                debug!("Searching for {request} in {preference}");
+                debug!("Searching for {request} in {sources}");
                 python_interpreters(
                     request.version().unwrap_or(&VersionRequest::Default),
                     request.implementation(),
@@ -2256,22 +2268,27 @@ impl fmt::Display for PythonSource {
 }
 
 impl PythonPreference {
-    /// Return the sources that are considered when searching for a Python interpreter.
-    fn sources(self) -> &'static [&'static str] {
+    /// Return the sources that are considered when searching for a Python interpreter with this
+    /// preference.
+    fn sources(self) -> &'static [PythonSource] {
         match self {
-            Self::OnlyManaged => &["managed installations"],
+            Self::OnlyManaged => &[PythonSource::Managed],
             Self::Managed | Self::System => {
                 if cfg!(windows) {
-                    &["managed installations", "system path", "`py` launcher"]
+                    &[
+                        PythonSource::Managed,
+                        PythonSource::SearchPath,
+                        PythonSource::Registry,
+                    ]
                 } else {
-                    &["managed installations", "system path"]
+                    &[PythonSource::Managed, PythonSource::SearchPath]
                 }
             }
             Self::OnlySystem => {
                 if cfg!(windows) {
-                    &["system path", "`py` launcher"]
+                    &[PythonSource::Registry, PythonSource::SearchPath]
                 } else {
-                    &["system path"]
+                    &[PythonSource::SearchPath]
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -2280,29 +2297,62 @@ impl PythonPreference {
 
 impl fmt::Display for PythonPreference {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        write!(f, "{}", conjunction(self.sources()))
+        f.write_str(match self {
+            Self::OnlyManaged => "only managed",
+            Self::Managed => "prefer managed",
+            Self::System => "prefer system",
+            Self::OnlySystem => "only system",
+        })
     }
 }
 
-impl fmt::Display for PythonNotFound {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-        let sources = match self.environment_preference {
+impl DiscoveryPreferences {
+    /// Return a string describing the sources that are considered when searching for Python with
+    /// the given preferences.
+    fn sources(&self, request: &PythonRequest) -> String {
+        let python_sources = self
+            .python_preference
+            .sources()
+            .iter()
+            .map(ToString::to_string)
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        match self.environment_preference {
             EnvironmentPreference::Any => conjunction(
                 &["virtual environments"]
                     .into_iter()
-                    .chain(self.python_preference.sources().iter().copied())
+                    .chain(python_sources.iter().map(String::as_str))
                     .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
             ),
             EnvironmentPreference::ExplicitSystem => {
-                if self.request.is_explicit_system() {
-                    conjunction(&["virtual", "system environment"])
+                if request.is_explicit_system() {
+                    conjunction(
+                        &["virtual environments"]
+                            .into_iter()
+                            .chain(python_sources.iter().map(String::as_str))
+                            .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+                    )
                 } else {
-                    conjunction(&["virtual environment"])
+                    conjunction(&["virtual environments"])
                 }
             }
-            EnvironmentPreference::OnlySystem => conjunction(self.python_preference.sources()),
+            EnvironmentPreference::OnlySystem => conjunction(
+                &python_sources
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(String::as_str)
+                    .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            ),
             EnvironmentPreference::OnlyVirtual => conjunction(&["virtual environments"]),
-        };
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for PythonNotFound {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        let sources = DiscoveryPreferences {
+            python_preference: self.python_preference,
+            environment_preference: self.environment_preference,
+        }
+        .sources(&self.request);
 
         match self.request {
             PythonRequest::Default | PythonRequest::Any => {

crates/uv/tests/it/common/mod.rs

@@ -147,11 +147,11 @@ impl TestContext {
     #[must_use]
     pub fn with_filtered_python_sources(mut self) -> Self {
         self.filters.push((
-            "managed installations or system path".to_string(),
+            "managed installations or search path".to_string(),
             "[PYTHON SOURCES]".to_string(),
         ));
         self.filters.push((
-            "managed installations, system path, or `py` launcher".to_string(),
+            "managed installations, search path, or registry".to_string(),
             "[PYTHON SOURCES]".to_string(),
         ));
         self

crates/uv/tests/it/help.rs

@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ fn help_subcommand() {
     interpreters are found by searching for Python executables in the `PATH` environment
     variable.
 
-    On Windows, the `py` launcher is also invoked to find Python executables.
+    On Windows, the registry is also searched for Python executables.
 
     By default, uv will download Python if a version cannot be found. This behavior can be
     disabled with the `--no-python-downloads` flag or the `python-downloads` setting.

crates/uv/tests/it/python_find.rs

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ fn python_find() {
         ----- stdout -----
 
         ----- stderr -----
-        error: No interpreter found in virtual environments, managed installations, system path, or `py` launcher
+        error: No interpreter found in virtual environments, managed installations, search path, or registry
         "###);
     } else {
         uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.python_find().env(EnvVars::UV_TEST_PYTHON_PATH, ""), @r###"
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ fn python_find() {
         ----- stdout -----
 
         ----- stderr -----
-        error: No interpreter found in virtual environments, managed installations, or system path
+        error: No interpreter found in virtual environments, managed installations, or search path
         "###);
     }
 
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ fn python_find() {
         ----- stdout -----
 
         ----- stderr -----
-        error: No interpreter found for PyPy in virtual environments, managed installations, system path, or `py` launcher
+        error: No interpreter found for PyPy in virtual environments, managed installations, search path, or registry
         "###);
     } else {
         uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.python_find().arg("pypy"), @r###"
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ fn python_find() {
         ----- stdout -----
 
         ----- stderr -----
-        error: No interpreter found for PyPy in virtual environments, managed installations, or system path
+        error: No interpreter found for PyPy in virtual environments, managed installations, or search path
         "###);
     }
 
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ fn python_find_unsupported_version() {
     ----- stdout -----
 
     ----- stderr -----
-    error: No interpreter found for Python 4.2 in virtual environments, managed installations, or system path
+    error: No interpreter found for Python 4.2 in virtual environments, managed installations, or search path
     "###);
 
     // Request a low version with a range
@@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ fn python_find_unsupported_version() {
     ----- stdout -----
 
     ----- stderr -----
-    error: No interpreter found for Python <3.0 in virtual environments, managed installations, or system path
+    error: No interpreter found for Python <3.0 in virtual environments, managed installations, or search path
     "###);
 
     // Request free-threaded Python on unsupported version

crates/uv/tests/it/python_pin.rs

@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ fn python_pin() {
         Updated `.python-version` from `[PYTHON-3.11]` -> `pypy`
 
         ----- stderr -----
-        warning: No interpreter found for PyPy in managed installations or system path
+        warning: No interpreter found for PyPy in managed installations or search path
         "###);
 
         let python_version = context.read(PYTHON_VERSION_FILENAME);
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ fn python_pin() {
         Updated `.python-version` from `pypy` -> `3.7`
 
         ----- stderr -----
-        warning: No interpreter found for Python 3.7 in managed installations or system path
+        warning: No interpreter found for Python 3.7 in managed installations or search path
         "###);
 
         let python_version = context.read(PYTHON_VERSION_FILENAME);
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ fn python_pin_no_python() {
     Pinned `.python-version` to `3.12`
 
     ----- stderr -----
-    warning: No interpreter found for Python 3.12 in managed installations or system path
+    warning: No interpreter found for Python 3.12 in managed installations or search path
     "###);
 }
 
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ fn warning_pinned_python_version_not_installed() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         3.12
 
         ----- stderr -----
-        warning: Failed to resolve pinned Python version `3.12`: No interpreter found for Python 3.12 in managed installations, system path, or `py` launcher
+        warning: Failed to resolve pinned Python version `3.12`: No interpreter found for Python 3.12 in managed installations, search path, or registry
         "###);
     } else {
         uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.python_pin(), @r###"
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ fn warning_pinned_python_version_not_installed() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         3.12
 
         ----- stderr -----
-        warning: Failed to resolve pinned Python version `3.12`: No interpreter found for Python 3.12 in managed installations or system path
+        warning: Failed to resolve pinned Python version `3.12`: No interpreter found for Python 3.12 in managed installations or search path
         "###);
     }
 
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ fn python_pin_resolve_no_python() {
         ----- stdout -----
 
         ----- stderr -----
-        error: No interpreter found for Python 3.12 in managed installations, system path, or `py` launcher
+        error: No interpreter found for Python 3.12 in managed installations, search path, or registry
         "###);
     } else {
         uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.python_pin().arg("--resolved").arg("3.12"), @r###"
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ fn python_pin_resolve_no_python() {
         ----- stdout -----
 
         ----- stderr -----
-        error: No interpreter found for Python 3.12 in managed installations or system path
+        error: No interpreter found for Python 3.12 in managed installations or search path
         "###);
     }
 }
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ fn python_pin_resolve() {
     ----- stdout -----
 
     ----- stderr -----
-    error: No interpreter found for PyPy in managed installations or system path
+    error: No interpreter found for PyPy in managed installations or search path
     "###);
 
     let python_version = context.read(PYTHON_VERSION_FILENAME);
@@ -626,7 +626,7 @@ fn python_pin_resolve() {
     ----- stdout -----
 
     ----- stderr -----
-    error: No interpreter found for Python 3.7 in managed installations or system path
+    error: No interpreter found for Python 3.7 in managed installations or search path
     "###);
 
     let python_version = context.read(PYTHON_VERSION_FILENAME);

crates/uv/tests/it/venv.rs

@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ fn create_venv_unknown_python_minor() {
         ----- stdout -----
 
         ----- stderr -----
-          × No interpreter found for Python 3.100 in managed installations, system path, or `py` launcher
+          × No interpreter found for Python 3.100 in managed installations, search path, or registry
         "###
         );
     } else {
@@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ fn create_venv_unknown_python_minor() {
         ----- stdout -----
 
         ----- stderr -----
-          × No interpreter found for Python 3.100 in managed installations or system path
+          × No interpreter found for Python 3.100 in managed installations or search path
         "###
         );
     }
@@ -643,7 +643,7 @@ fn create_venv_unknown_python_patch() {
         ----- stdout -----
 
         ----- stderr -----
-          × No interpreter found for Python 3.12.100 in managed installations, system path, or `py` launcher
+          × No interpreter found for Python 3.12.100 in managed installations, search path, or registry
         "###
         );
     } else {
@@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ fn create_venv_unknown_python_patch() {
         ----- stdout -----
 
         ----- stderr -----
-          × No interpreter found for Python 3.12.100 in managed installations or system path
+          × No interpreter found for Python 3.12.100 in managed installations or search path
         "###
         );
     }