fix(core): reusing StackSynthesizer leads to unsynthesized Stacks

packages/@aws-cdk/core/lib/stack-synthesizers/default-synthesizer.ts

@@ -233,6 +233,10 @@ export class DefaultStackSynthesizer extends StackSynthesizer {
   }
 
   public bind(stack: Stack): void {
+    if (this._stack !== undefined) {
+      throw new Error('A StackSynthesizer can only be used for one Stack: create a new instance to use with a different Stack');
+    }
+
     this._stack = stack;
 
     const qualifier = this.props.qualifier ?? stack.node.tryGetContext(BOOTSTRAP_QUALIFIER_CONTEXT) ?? DefaultStackSynthesizer.DEFAULT_QUALIFIER;

packages/@aws-cdk/core/lib/stack-synthesizers/legacy.ts

@@ -48,6 +48,9 @@ export class LegacyStackSynthesizer extends StackSynthesizer {
   private readonly addedImageAssets = new Set<string>();
 
   public bind(stack: Stack): void {
+    if (this.stack !== undefined) {
+      throw new Error('A StackSynthesizer can only be used for one Stack: create a new instance to use with a different Stack');
+    }
     this.stack = stack;
   }
 

packages/@aws-cdk/core/lib/stack-synthesizers/nested.ts

@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@ export class NestedStackSynthesizer extends StackSynthesizer {
   }
 
   public bind(stack: Stack): void {
+    if (this.stack !== undefined) {
+      throw new Error('A StackSynthesizer can only be used for one Stack: create a new instance to use with a different Stack');
+    }
     this.stack = stack;
   }
 

packages/@aws-cdk/core/test/stack-synthesis/new-style-synthesis.test.ts

@@ -256,6 +256,18 @@ nodeunitShim({
 
     test.done();
   },
+
+  'cannot use same synthesizer for multiple stacks'(test: Test) {
+    // GIVEN
+    const synthesizer = new DefaultStackSynthesizer();
+
+    // WHEN
+    new Stack(app, 'Stack2', { synthesizer });
+    test.throws(() => {
+      new Stack(app, 'Stack3', { synthesizer });
+    }, /A StackSynthesizer can only be used for one Stack/);
+    test.done();
+  },
 });
 
 /**