Catmandu::Store::ElasticSearch - A searchable store backed by Elasticsearch
# From the command line
# Import data into ElasticSearch
$ catmandu import JSON to ElasticSearch --bag catmandu < data.json
# Export data from ElasticSearch
$ catmandu export ElasticSearch --bag catmandu to JSON > data.json
# Export only one record
$ catmandu export ElasticSearch --bag catmandu --id 1234
# Export using an ElasticSearch query
$ catmandu export ElasticSearch --bag catmandu --query "name:Recruitment OR name:college"
# Export using a CQL query (needs a CQL mapping)
$ catmandu export ElasticSearch --bag catmandu --cql-query "name any college"
# You need to specify the client version if your Elasticsearch server version is
# not the same as your default Search::Elasticsearch client version
$ catmandu import JSON to ElasticSearch --bag catmandu --client '5_0::Direct' < data.json
# From Perl
use Catmandu;
my $store = Catmandu->store('ElasticSearch');
# options will be passed to the underlying Search::Elasticsearch client
my $store = Catmandu->store('ElasticSearch', nodes => ['server.example.com:9200']);
my $obj1 = $store->bag('catmandu')->add({ name => 'Patrick' });
printf "obj1 stored as %s\n" , $obj1->{_id};
# Force an id in the store
my $obj2 = $store->bag('catmandu')->add({ _id => 'test123' , name => 'Nicolas' });
# Commit all changes
$store->bag('catmandu')->commit;
$store->bag('catmandu')->delete('test123');
$store->bag('catmandu')->delete_all;
# All bags are iterators
$store->bag->each(sub { ... });
$store->bag->take(10)->each(sub { ... });
# Query the store using a simple ElasticSearch query
my $hits = $store->bag->search(query => '(content:this OR name:this) AND (content:that OR name:that)');
# Native queries are also supported by providing a hash of terms
# See the ElasticSearch manual for more examples
my $hits = $store->bag->search(
query => {
# All name.exact fields that start with 'test'
prefix => {
'name.exact' => 'test'
}
} ,
limit => 1000);
# Catmandu::Store::ElasticSearch supports CQL...
my $hits = $store->bag->search(cql_query => 'name any "Patrick"');
Create a new Catmandu::Store::ElasticSearch store. ElasticSearch connection parameters will be passed on to the underlying Search::Elasticsearch client.
Optionally provide for each bag a index to indicate which index to use.
This defaults to the bag's name.
Optionally provide for each bag a type to indicate the name of the mapping.
This defaults to the bag's name.
Optionally provide for each bag a mapping which contains a ElasticSearch schema
for each field in the index (See below).
Optionally provide for each bag a cql_mapping to map fields to CQL indexes.
Optionally provide for each bag an on_error error handler (See below).
This Catmandu::Store implements:
Each Catmandu::Bag in this Catmandu::Store implements:
The mapping contains a Elasticsearch schema mappings for each bag defined in the index. E.g.
{
properties => {
title => {
type => 'text'
}
}
}
See https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/mapping.html for more information on mappings.
These mappings can be passed inside a Perl program, or be written into a Catmandu 'catmandu.yml' configuration file. E.g.
# catmandu.yml
store:
search:
package: ElasticSearch
options:
bags:
mybag:
mapping:
properties:
title:
type: text
Via the command line these configuration parameters can be read in by using the
name of the store, search in this case:
$ catmandu import JSON to search --bag mybag < data.json
$ catmandu export search --bag mybag to JSON > data.json
Catmandu::Store::ElasticSearch supports CQL searches when a cql_mapping is provided for each bag. This hash contains a translation of CQL fields into Elasticsearch searchable fields.
# Example mapping
{
indexes => {
title => {
op => {
'any' => 1 ,
'all' => 1 ,
'=' => 1 ,
'<>' => 1 ,
'exact' => {field => [qw(mytitle.exact myalttitle.exact)]}
} ,
field => 'mytitle',
sort => 1,
cb => ['Biblio::Search', 'normalize_title']
}
}
}
The CQL mapping above will support for the 'title' field the CQL operators: any, all, =, <> and exact.
The 'title' field will be mapping into the Elasticsearch field 'mytitle', except for the 'exact' operator. In case of 'exact' we will search both the 'mytitle.exact' and 'myalttitle.exact' fields.
The CQL mapping allows for sorting on the 'title' field. If, for instance, we would like to use a special ElasticSearch field for sorting we could have written "sort => { field => 'mytitle.sort' }".
The callback field cb contains a reference to subroutines to rewrite or
augment a search query. In this case, the Biblio::Search package contains a
normalize_title subroutine which returns a string or an ARRAY of strings
with augmented title(s). E.g.
package Biblio::Search;
sub normalize_title {
my ($self,$title) = @_;
my $new_title =~ s{[^A-Z0-9]+}{}g;
$new_title;
}
1;
Also this configuration can be added to a catmandu.yml configuration file like:
# catmandu.yml
store:
search:
package: ElasticSearch
options:
client: 6_0::Direct
bags:
book:
mapping:
properties:
title:
type: text
cql_mapping:
indexes:
title:
op:
'any': true
'all': true
'=': true
'<>': true
'exact':
field: [ 'mytitle.exact' , 'myalttitle.exact' ]
field: mytitle
sort: true
cb: [ 'Biblio::Search' , 'normalize_title' ]
Via the command line these configuration parameters can be read in by using the
name of the store, search in this case:
$ catmandu export search --bag book -q 'title any blablabla' to JSON > data.json
The appropriate client should be installed:
# Elasticsearch 6.x
cpanm Search::Elasticsearch::Client::6_0::Direct
# Elasticsearch 1.x
cpanm Search::Elasticsearch::Client::1_0::Direct
And specified in the options:
Catmandu::Store::ElasticSearch->new(client => '1_0::Direct')
If you want to use the delete_by_query method with Elasticsearch 2.0 you
have to install the delete by query plugin.
Error handling can be activated by specifying an error handling callback for index when creating a store. E.g. to create an error handler for the bag 'data' index use:
my $error_handler = sub {
my ($action, $response, $i) = @_;
do_something_with_error($response);
};
my $store = Catmandu::Store::ElasticSearch->new(
bags => { data => { on_error => $error_handler } }
});
Instead of a callback, the following shortcuts are also accepted for on_error:
log: log the response
throw: throw the response as an error
ignore: do nothing
my $store = Catmandu::Store::ElasticSearch->new(
bags => { data => { on_error => 'log' } }
});
Versions of this store < 1.0 used Elasticsearch types to map bags to a single index. Support for multiple types in one index has since been removed from Elasticsearch and since 1.0 each bag is mapped to an index.
You need to export you data before upgrading, update the configuration and then import you data again.
Catmandu::Store , Search::Elasticsearch
- Nicolas Steenlant,
<nicolas.steenlant at ugent.be>
- Dave Sherohman,
dave.sherohman at ub.lu.se - Robin Sheat,
robin at kallisti.net.nz - Patrick Hochstenbach,
patrick.hochstenbach at ugent.be
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either: the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; or the Artistic License.
See http://dev.perl.org/licenses/ for more information.