Improve CURIE and URI handling

[cthoyt]

This PR does the following:

1. Finally removes the prefix_map option from parsing URIs/IRIs and bumps by a minor version. Also removes some related code in the public API that was used to support this functionality, including the ensure_prefix_list() function. This probably wasn't used by anyone.
2. Consolidates implementation of IRI parsing into the Manager class
3. Enables use_preferred on the relevant functions as suggested in Broader support for use_preferred in CURIE/prefix normalization #790
4. Updates deprecated testing

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Patch coverage: 57.14% and project coverage change: +0.17 🎉

Comparison is base (96c63b3) 39.78% compared to head (8db704a) 39.95%.

❗ Current head 8db704a differs from pull request most recent head e46f4ed. Consider uploading reports for the commit e46f4ed to get more accurate results

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Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #791      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   39.78%   39.95%   +0.17%     
==========================================
  Files         132      132              
  Lines        7530     7490      -40     
  Branches     1741     1730      -11     
==========================================
- Hits         2996     2993       -3     
+ Misses       4354     4312      -42     
- Partials      180      185       +5     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
src/bioregistry/resource_manager.py	73.78% <51.51%> (+0.23%)	⬆️
src/bioregistry/parse_iri.py	66.66% <54.54%> (+33.33%)	⬆️
src/bioregistry/resolve.py	55.31% <62.50%> (-0.43%)	⬇️
src/bioregistry/__init__.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
src/bioregistry/constants.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
src/bioregistry/version.py	68.42% <100.00%> (ø)

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