These are Visual Studio templates for ESRI arcpy python scripts and toolboxes.
I am using ArcGIS 10.6 and Visual Studio 2017. Maybe it works on older versions. (Why would you want to use an older version?)
To use the templates, you can just download the pre-built zip files or you can fork the project and make your own version.
Fork or clone this project. Open the solution in Visual Studio.
Under Project, use "Export Template". I make both Project and Item templates because I use this template for both things. I should make separate ones, I know. Someday I will do that.
I call one ArcpyApplication.py and the other ArcpyItem.py. The Item template has only the PythonApplication.py file in it. The Project template also has config.py in it.
The Export Wizard always forces you to put the zip files into "%HOME%/Documents/Visual Studio 2017/My Exported Templates"
If you download the zip files, you can copy thme into your template folders. I think the default default is "%HOME%/Documents/Visual Studio 2017/Templates", in Visual Studio I change it in "Tools->Options->Projects and Solutions->Locations" to be on a network drive so they are more portable and get backed up.
Drag each zip file into the appropriate folder. Restart Visual Studio.
If you build them, you can tell the Export Wizard to install the templates when you build them. (It's the default.)
If you created both project and item templates and deployed them then they will show up when you create new projects or when you add an item.
I don't remember where I got the cute icon, maybe ESRI? If it belongs to you and you don't want anyone using it, speak up and I will remove it.