More Augment Functions: logarithmic, polynomial, hilbert, wavelet, short fourier

[mdancho84]

Per @JustinKurland:

There are a lot of opportunities for more augmentation functions:

• tk.augment_logrithmic()
• tk.augment_polynomial()
• tk.augment_hilbert()
• tk.augment_wavelet()
• tk.augment_short_fourier() <- This is different than the normal fourier transform in that it breaks a signal into smaller segments to provide a time-varying analysis with adjustable time and frequency resolutions.

These are just a few, but all represent further oppotunities to try and add valuable information that has historically been leveraged in the extant time series and signal processing literature.

[mdancho84]

We can break these out into separate GH Issues. Just wanted to track for now with this GH issue.