refactor: simplify char class encoding

src/__tests__/example-email.ts

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import {
 
 test('example: email validation', () => {
   const usernameChars = charClass(charRange('a', 'z'), digit, anyOf('._%+-'));
-  const hostnameChars = charClass(charRange('a', 'z'), digit, anyOf('-.'));
+  const hostnameChars = charClass(charRange('a', 'z'), digit, anyOf('.-'));
   const domainChars = charRange('a', 'z');
 
   const regex = buildRegExp(
@@ -38,5 +38,6 @@ test('example: email validation', () => {
   expect(regex).not.toMatchString('a@gmail.c');
   expect(regex).not.toMatchString('@gmail.com');
 
-  expect(regex).toEqualRegex(/^[a-z\d._%+-]+@[a-z\d.-]+\.[a-z]{2,}$/i);
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-useless-escape
+  expect(regex).toEqualRegex(/^[a-z\d._%+\-]+@[a-z\d.\-]+\.[a-z]{2,}$/i);
 });

src/__tests__/example-hex-color.ts

@@ -42,5 +42,5 @@ test('example: hex color validation', () => {
   expect(regex).not.toMatchString('#12345');
   expect(regex).not.toMatchString('#1234567');
 
-  expect(regex).toEqualRegex(/^#?(?:[a-f\d]{6}|[a-f\d]{3})$/i);
+  expect(regex).toEqualRegex(/^#?(?:[\da-f]{6}|[\da-f]{3})$/i);
 });

src/__tests__/example-js-number.ts

@@ -47,5 +47,6 @@ test('example: validate JavaScript number', () => {
   expect(numberValidator).not.toMatchString('.1.1');
   expect(numberValidator).not.toMatchString('.');
 
-  expect(numberValidator).toEqualRegex(/^[+-]?(?:\d+(?:\.\d*)?|\.\d+)(?:[eE][+-]?\d+)?$/);
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-useless-escape
+  expect(numberValidator).toEqualRegex(/^[+\-]?(?:\d+(?:\.\d*)?|\.\d+)(?:[eE][+\-]?\d+)?$/);
 });

src/__tests__/example-url-simple.ts

@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ import {
 test('example: simple url validation', () => {
   const protocol = [choiceOf('http', 'https'), '://'];
   const domainChars = charClass(charRange('a', 'z'), digit);
-  const domainCharsHypen = charClass(domainChars, anyOf('-'));
+  const domainCharsHyphen = charClass(domainChars, anyOf('-'));
 
   const domainSegment = choiceOf(
     domainChars, // single char
-    [domainChars, zeroOrMore(domainCharsHypen), domainChars], // multi char
+    [domainChars, zeroOrMore(domainCharsHyphen), domainChars], // multi char
   );
 
   const regex = buildRegExp([
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ test('example: simple url validation', () => {
   expect(regex).not.toMatchString('@gmail.com');
 
   expect(regex).toEqualRegex(
-    /^(?:(?:http|https):\/\/)?(?:(?:[a-z\d]|[a-z\d][a-z\d-]*[a-z\d])\.)+[a-z][a-z\d]+$/,
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-useless-escape
+    /^(?:(?:http|https):\/\/)?(?:(?:[a-z\d]|[a-z\d][a-z\d\-]*[a-z\d])\.)+[a-z][a-z\d]+$/,
   );
 });

src/constructs/__tests__/char-class.test.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
+/* eslint-disable no-useless-escape */
 import {
   anyOf,
+  buildRegExp,
   charClass,
   charRange,
   digit,
@@ -9,11 +11,16 @@ import {
   nonWord,
   oneOrMore,
   optional,
+  type RegexSequence,
   whitespace,
   word,
   zeroOrMore,
 } from '../..';
 
+function u(sequence: RegexSequence) {
+  return buildRegExp(sequence, { unicode: true });
+}
+
 test('`charClass` base cases', () => {
   expect(charClass(charRange('a', 'z'))).toEqualRegex(/[a-z]/);
   expect(charClass(charRange('a', 'z'), charRange('A', 'Z'))).toEqualRegex(/[a-zA-Z]/);
@@ -66,51 +73,181 @@ test('`charRange` throws on incorrect arguments', () => {
   );
 });
 
-test('`anyOf` pattern', () => {
+test('`anyOf` handles basic cases pattern', () => {
+  expect(anyOf('a')).toMatchString('a');
   expect(anyOf('a')).toEqualRegex(/[a]/);
+
+  expect(['x', anyOf('a'), 'x']).toMatchString('xax');
   expect(['x', anyOf('a'), 'x']).toEqualRegex(/x[a]x/);
+
+  expect(anyOf('ab')).toMatchString('a');
+  expect(anyOf('ab')).toMatchString('b');
+  expect(anyOf('ab')).not.toMatchString('c');
   expect(anyOf('ab')).toEqualRegex(/[ab]/);
+
+  expect(['x', anyOf('ab')]).toMatchString('xa');
+  expect(['x', anyOf('ab')]).toMatchString('xb');
+  expect(['x', anyOf('ab')]).not.toMatchString('x0');
   expect(['x', anyOf('ab')]).toEqualRegex(/x[ab]/);
+
+  expect(['x', anyOf('ab'), 'x']).toMatchString('xax');
+  expect(['x', anyOf('ab'), 'x']).toMatchString('xbx');
+  expect(['x', anyOf('ab'), 'x']).not.toMatchString('x0x');
   expect(['x', anyOf('ab'), 'x']).toEqualRegex(/x[ab]x/);
 });
 
+test('`anyOf` throws on empty text', () => {
+  expect(() => anyOf('')).toThrowErrorMatchingInlineSnapshot(`"Expected at least one character"`);
+});
+
 test('`anyOf` pattern with quantifiers', () => {
   expect(['x', oneOrMore(anyOf('abc')), 'x']).toEqualRegex(/x[abc]+x/);
   expect(['x', optional(anyOf('abc')), 'x']).toEqualRegex(/x[abc]?x/);
   expect(['x', zeroOrMore(anyOf('abc')), 'x']).toEqualRegex(/x[abc]*x/);
 });
 
-test('`anyOf` pattern escapes special characters', () => {
-  expect(anyOf('abc-+.]\\')).toEqualRegex(/[abc+.\]\\-]/);
-});
+test('`anyOf` handles hyphens', () => {
+  expect(anyOf('^-')).toMatchString('^');
+  expect(anyOf('^-')).toMatchString('-');
+  expect(anyOf('^-')).not.toMatchString('a');
+  expect(anyOf('^-')).toEqualRegex(/[\^\-]/);
+
+  expect(anyOf('-^')).toMatchString('^');
+  expect(anyOf('-^')).toMatchString('-');
+  expect(anyOf('-^')).not.toMatchString('a');
+  expect(anyOf('-^')).toEqualRegex(/[\-\^]/);
 
-test('`anyOf` pattern moves hyphen to the last position', () => {
-  expect(anyOf('a-bc')).toEqualRegex(/[abc-]/);
+  expect(anyOf('-^a')).toMatchString('^');
+  expect(anyOf('-^a')).toMatchString('-');
+  expect(anyOf('-^a')).toMatchString('a');
+  expect(anyOf('-^a')).not.toMatchString('b');
+  expect(anyOf('-^a')).toEqualRegex(/[\-\^a]/);
 });
 
-test('`anyOf` pattern edge cases', () => {
-  expect(anyOf('^-')).toEqualRegex(/[\^-]/);
-  expect(anyOf('-^')).toEqualRegex(/[\^-]/);
-  expect(anyOf('-^a')).toEqualRegex(/[a^-]/);
+test('`anyOf` handles hyphens in unicode mode', () => {
+  expect(u(anyOf('^-'))).toMatchString('^');
+  expect(u(anyOf('^-'))).toMatchString('^');
+  expect(u(anyOf('^-'))).toMatchString('-');
+  expect(u(anyOf('^-'))).not.toMatchString('a');
+  expect(u(anyOf('^-'))).toEqualRegex(/[\^\-]/u);
+
+  expect(u(anyOf('-^'))).toMatchString('^');
+  expect(u(anyOf('-^'))).toMatchString('-');
+  expect(u(anyOf('-^'))).not.toMatchString('a');
+  expect(u(anyOf('-^'))).toEqualRegex(/[\-\^]/u);
+
+  expect(u(anyOf('-^a'))).toMatchString('^');
+  expect(u(anyOf('-^a'))).toMatchString('-');
+  expect(u(anyOf('-^a'))).toMatchString('a');
+  expect(u(anyOf('-^a'))).not.toMatchString('b');
+  expect(u(anyOf('-^a'))).toEqualRegex(/[\-\^a]/u);
+});
 
+test('`anyOf` handles special chars', () => {
+  expect(anyOf('.')).toMatchString('.');
+  expect(anyOf('.')).not.toMatchString('a');
   expect(anyOf('.')).toEqualRegex(/[.]/);
+
+  expect(anyOf('*')).toMatchString('*');
+  expect(anyOf('*')).not.toMatchString('a');
   expect(anyOf('*')).toEqualRegex(/[*]/);
+
+  expect(anyOf('+')).toMatchString('+');
+  expect(anyOf('+')).not.toMatchString('a');
   expect(anyOf('+')).toEqualRegex(/[+]/);
+
+  expect(anyOf('?')).toMatchString('?');
+  expect(anyOf('?')).not.toMatchString('a');
   expect(anyOf('?')).toEqualRegex(/[?]/);
-  expect(anyOf('^')).toEqualRegex(/[^]/);
+
+  expect(anyOf('^')).toMatchString('^');
+  expect(anyOf('^')).not.toMatchString('a');
+  expect(anyOf('^')).toEqualRegex(/[\^]/);
+
+  expect(anyOf('^0')).toMatchString('^');
+  expect(anyOf('^0')).not.toMatchString('a');
+  expect(anyOf('^0')).toEqualRegex(/[\^0]/);
+
+  expect(anyOf('0^')).toMatchString('^');
+  expect(anyOf('0^')).not.toMatchString('a');
+  expect(anyOf('0^')).toEqualRegex(/[0\^]/);
+
+  expect(anyOf('$')).toMatchString('$');
+  expect(anyOf('$')).not.toMatchString('a');
   expect(anyOf('$')).toEqualRegex(/[$]/);
+
+  expect(anyOf('{')).toMatchString('{');
+  expect(anyOf('{')).not.toMatchString('a');
   expect(anyOf('{')).toEqualRegex(/[{]/);
+
+  expect(anyOf('}')).toMatchString('}');
+  expect(anyOf('}')).not.toMatchString('a');
   expect(anyOf('}')).toEqualRegex(/[}]/);
+
+  expect(anyOf('(')).toMatchString('(');
+  expect(anyOf('(')).not.toMatchString('a');
   expect(anyOf('(')).toEqualRegex(/[(]/);
+
+  expect(anyOf(')')).toMatchString(')');
+  expect(anyOf(')')).not.toMatchString('a');
   expect(anyOf(')')).toEqualRegex(/[)]/);
+
+  expect(anyOf('|')).toMatchString('|');
+  expect(anyOf('|')).not.toMatchString('a');
   expect(anyOf('|')).toEqualRegex(/[|]/);
+
+  expect(anyOf('[')).toMatchString('[');
+  expect(anyOf('[')).not.toMatchString('a');
   expect(anyOf('[')).toEqualRegex(/[[]/);
+
+  expect(anyOf(']')).toMatchString(']');
+  expect(anyOf(']')).not.toMatchString('a');
   expect(anyOf(']')).toEqualRegex(/[\]]/);
+
+  expect(anyOf('\\')).toMatchString('\\');
+  expect(anyOf('\\')).not.toMatchString('a');
   expect(anyOf('\\')).toEqualRegex(/[\\]/);
 });
 
-test('`anyOf` throws on empty text', () => {
-  expect(() => anyOf('')).toThrowErrorMatchingInlineSnapshot(`"Expected at least one character"`);
+test('`anyof` matches special characters', () => {
+  expect(anyOf('a')).toMatchString('a');
+});
+
+test('`anyof` matches special characters in unicode mode', () => {
+  expect(u(anyOf('a'))).toMatchString('a');
+
+  expect(u(anyOf('.'))).toMatchString('.');
+  expect(u(anyOf('.'))).not.toMatchString('a');
+  expect(u(anyOf('*'))).toMatchString('*');
+  expect(u(anyOf('*'))).not.toMatchString('a');
+  expect(u(anyOf('+'))).toMatchString('+');
+  expect(u(anyOf('+'))).not.toMatchString('a');
+  expect(u(anyOf('?'))).toMatchString('?');
+  expect(u(anyOf('?'))).not.toMatchString('a');
+  expect(u(anyOf('^'))).toMatchString('^');
+  expect(u(anyOf('^'))).not.toMatchString('a');
+  expect(u(anyOf('^0'))).toMatchString('^');
+  expect(u(anyOf('^0'))).not.toMatchString('a');
+  expect(u(anyOf('0^'))).toMatchString('^');
+  expect(u(anyOf('0^'))).not.toMatchString('a');
+  expect(u(anyOf('$'))).toMatchString('$');
+  expect(u(anyOf('$'))).not.toMatchString('a');
+  expect(u(anyOf('{'))).toMatchString('{');
+  expect(u(anyOf('{'))).not.toMatchString('a');
+  expect(u(anyOf('}'))).toMatchString('}');
+  expect(u(anyOf('}'))).not.toMatchString('a');
+  expect(u(anyOf('('))).toMatchString('(');
+  expect(u(anyOf('('))).not.toMatchString('a');
+  expect(u(anyOf(')'))).toMatchString(')');
+  expect(u(anyOf(')'))).not.toMatchString('a');
+  expect(u(anyOf('|'))).toMatchString('|');
+  expect(u(anyOf('|'))).not.toMatchString('a');
+  expect(u(anyOf('['))).toMatchString('[');
+  expect(u(anyOf('['))).not.toMatchString('a');
+  expect(u(anyOf(']'))).toMatchString(']');
+  expect(u(anyOf(']'))).not.toMatchString('a');
+  expect(u(anyOf('\\'))).toMatchString('\\');
+  expect(u(anyOf('\\'))).not.toMatchString('a');
 });
 
 test('`negated` character class pattern', () => {

src/constructs/char-class.ts

@@ -13,8 +13,7 @@ export function charClass(...elements: Array<CharacterClass | CharacterEscape>):
   }
 
   return {
-    chars: elements.map((c) => c.chars).flat(),
-    ranges: elements.map((c) => c.ranges ?? []).flat(),
+    elements: elements.map((c) => c.elements).flat(),
     encode: encodeCharClass,
   };
 }
@@ -36,8 +35,7 @@ export function charRange(start: string, end: string): CharacterClass {
   }
 
   return {
-    chars: [],
-    ranges: [{ start, end }],
+    elements: [`${start}-${end}`],
     encode: encodeCharClass,
   };
 }
@@ -52,7 +50,7 @@ export function anyOf(chars: string): CharacterClass {
   ensureText(chars);
 
   return {
-    chars: chars.split('').map(escapeChar),
+    elements: chars.split('').map(escapeChar),
     encode: encodeCharClass,
   };
 }
@@ -74,27 +72,16 @@ export const inverted = negated;
 
 /** Escape chars for usage inside char class */
 function escapeChar(text: string): string {
-  return text.replace(/[\]\\]/g, '\\$&'); // $& means the whole matched string
+  // anyOf(']-\\^')
+  return text.replace(/[\]\-\\^]/g, '\\$&'); // "$&" is whole matched string
 }
 
 function encodeCharClass(
   this: CharacterClass | CharacterEscape,
   isNegated?: boolean,
 ): EncodedRegex {
-  // If passed characters includes hyphen (`-`) it need to be moved to
-  // first (or last) place in order to treat it as hyphen character and not a range.
-  // See: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Regular_expressions/Character_classes#types
-  const hyphen = this.chars.includes('-') ? '-' : '';
-  const caret = this.chars.includes('^') ? '^' : '';
-  const otherChars = this.chars.filter((c) => c !== '-' && c !== '^').join('');
-  const ranges = this.ranges?.map(({ start, end }) => `${start}-${end}`).join('') ?? '';
-  const negation = isNegated ? '^' : '';
-
-  let pattern = `[${negation}${ranges}${otherChars}${caret}${hyphen}]`;
-  if (pattern === '[^-]') pattern = '[\\^-]';
-
   return {
     precedence: 'atom',
-    pattern,
+    pattern: `[${isNegated ? '^' : ''}${this.elements.join('')}]`,
   };
 }

src/constructs/char-escape.ts

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ export const any: EncodedRegex = {
 export const digit: CharacterEscape = {
   precedence: 'atom',
   pattern: '\\d',
-  chars: ['\\d'],
+  elements: ['\\d'],
 };
 
 /**
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ export const digit: CharacterEscape = {
 export const nonDigit: CharacterEscape = {
   precedence: 'atom',
   pattern: '\\D',
-  chars: ['\\D'],
+  elements: ['\\D'],
 };
 
 /**
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ export const nonDigit: CharacterEscape = {
 export const word: CharacterEscape = {
   precedence: 'atom',
   pattern: '\\w',
-  chars: ['\\w'],
+  elements: ['\\w'],
 };
 
 /**
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ export const word: CharacterEscape = {
 export const nonWord: CharacterEscape = {
   precedence: 'atom',
   pattern: '\\W',
-  chars: ['\\W'],
+  elements: ['\\W'],
 };
 
 /**
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ export const nonWord: CharacterEscape = {
 export const whitespace: CharacterEscape = {
   precedence: 'atom',
   pattern: '\\s',
-  chars: ['\\s'],
+  elements: ['\\s'],
 };
 
 /**
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ export const whitespace: CharacterEscape = {
 export const nonWhitespace: CharacterEscape = {
   precedence: 'atom',
   pattern: '\\S',
-  chars: ['\\S'],
+  elements: ['\\S'],
 };
 
 /**