🚸♻️ convenience methods and updates for DD functionality

[burgholzer]

Description

This pull request includes several changes aimed at improving code efficiency and readability across the DD package.

Utility (functions):

• Introduced new utility functions in Operations.hpp for applying unitary operations, measurements, resets, and classically controlled operations on quantum states.
• DD routines for state preparation now automatically increase the respective refcount, so this does not have to be done manually anymore.
• The classic-controlled Operation class now exposes its comparison kind to the QuantumComputation class and to Python.

Code simplification:

• Simplified the getDD function by removing redundant checks and improving the handling of permutations.
• A sample method was introduced as a shortcut for simply sampling from the output distribution of a circuit.
• Several tests were simplified and streamlined.

These changes collectively enhance the maintainability and performance of the codebase.
They will require changes in consuming libraries. Especially mqt-ddsim, mqt-qcec, and mqt-ddvis. However, these changes should simplify the overall code in these libraries.

Checklist:

• The pull request only contains commits that are related to it.
• I have added appropriate tests and documentation.
• I have made sure that all CI jobs on GitHub pass.
• The pull request introduces no new warnings and follows the project's style guidelines.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 96.42857% with 6 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 92.1%. Comparing base (3a28015) to head (0418edc).
Report is 165 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
include/mqt-core/dd/Operations.hpp	93.2%	4 Missing ⚠️
include/mqt-core/dd/Package.hpp	97.7%	1 Missing ⚠️
src/dd/Simulation.cpp	98.0%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##            main    #674     +/-   ##
=======================================
- Coverage   92.1%   92.1%   -0.1%     
=======================================
  Files        125     125             
  Lines      13775   13791     +16     
  Branches    2160    2164      +4     
=======================================
+ Hits       12690   12703     +13     
- Misses      1085    1088      +3     

Flag	Coverage Δ
cpp	91.8% <96.4%> (-0.1%)	⬇️
python	99.7% <ø> (ø)

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
include/mqt-core/dd/Simulation.hpp	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
include/mqt-core/ir/QuantumComputation.hpp	91.9% <ø> (ø)
...-core/ir/operations/ClassicControlledOperation.hpp	96.7% <100.0%> (+<0.1%)	⬆️
src/algorithms/QFT.cpp	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
src/algorithms/QPE.cpp	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
src/dd/FunctionalityConstruction.cpp	90.6% <100.0%> (-0.3%)	⬇️
include/mqt-core/dd/Package.hpp	96.9% <97.7%> (-0.2%)	⬇️
src/dd/Simulation.cpp	95.8% <98.0%> (-0.7%)	⬇️
include/mqt-core/dd/Operations.hpp	90.1% <93.2%> (+1.5%)	⬆️