⬆️ update MQT workflows to v1.4

[burgholzer]

Description

This PR updates the MQT workflows to their latest version.
These updates bring even more integration with uv to speed up the workflows and some refactoring in the Python testing workflow.

Checklist:

• The pull request only contains commits that are related to it.
• I have added appropriate tests and documentation.
• I have made sure that all CI jobs on GitHub pass.
• The pull request introduces no new warnings and follows the project's style guidelines.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 92.1%. Comparing base (1158ddc) to head (6f166dd).
Report is 94 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@          Coverage Diff          @@
##            main    #692   +/-   ##
=====================================
  Coverage   92.1%   92.1%           
=====================================
  Files        125     125           
  Lines      13759   13759           
  Branches    2151    2151           
=====================================
  Hits       12673   12673           
  Misses      1086    1086           

Flag	Coverage Δ
cpp	91.8% <ø> (ø)
python	99.7% <ø> (ø)