feat(TextareaField): add TextArea base component and TextareaField

- create TextArea base component
- for now exporting, but we would want to treat this similar to how we do the input base component
- will sync with latest design before merging
- create TextareaField component (augmenting with label, a11y changes, etc.)

src/components/TextArea/TextArea.module.css

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+@import '../../design-tokens/mixins.css';
+
+/*------------------------------------*\
+    # TEXTAREA 
+\*------------------------------------*/
+
+/**
+ * Default input styles 
+ */
+.textarea {
+  @mixin inputStyles;
+}

src/components/TextArea/TextArea.tsx

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+import clsx from 'clsx';
+import React, { forwardRef } from 'react';
+import styles from './TextArea.module.css';
+
+export interface Props
+  extends React.TextareaHTMLAttributes<HTMLTextAreaElement> {
+  /**
+   * CSS class names that can be appended to the component
+   */
+  className?: string;
+  /**
+   * Text default contents of the field
+   */
+  children?: string;
+  /**
+   * Whether the disabled stat is active
+   */
+  disabled?: boolean;
+  /**
+   * Whether the error state is active
+   */
+  isError?: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Base component, applying styles to a <textarea> tag
+ */
+export const TextArea = forwardRef<HTMLTextAreaElement, Props>(
+  (
+    { className, children, defaultValue = '', isError = false, ...other },
+    ref,
+  ) => {
+    const componentClassName = clsx(
+      styles['textarea'],
+      isError && styles['error'],
+      className,
+    );
+
+    return (
+      <textarea
+        className={componentClassName}
+        defaultValue={children || defaultValue}
+        ref={ref}
+        {...other}
+      ></textarea>
+    );
+  },
+);

src/components/TextArea/index.ts

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+export { TextArea as default } from './TextArea';

src/components/TextareaField/TextareaField.module.css

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+/*------------------------------------*\
+    # TEXTAREA FIELD
+\*------------------------------------*/
+
+/**
+ * Wraps the Label and the optional/required indicator.
+ */
+.textarea-field__overline {
+  display: flex;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  margin-bottom: var(--eds-size-half);
+  color: var(--eds-theme-color-form-label);
+}
+.textarea-field__overline--no-label {
+  justify-content: flex-end;
+}
+.textarea-field__overline--disabled {
+  color: var(--eds-theme-color-text-disabled);
+}

src/components/TextareaField/TextareaField.stories.tsx

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+import { BADGE } from '@geometricpanda/storybook-addon-badges';
+import type { StoryObj, Meta } from '@storybook/react';
+import React from 'react';
+
+import { TextareaField } from './TextareaField';
+
+export default {
+  title: 'Components/TextareaField',
+  component: TextareaField,
+  args: {
+    defaultValue: `Lorem ipsum, dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Id neque nemo
+    dicta rerum commodi et fugiat quo optio veniam! Ea odio corporis nemo
+    praesentium, commodi eligendi asperiores quis dolorum porro.`,
+    label: 'Textarea Field',
+    width: '100',
+    height: '100',
+    fieldNote: 'Test',
+  },
+  parameters: {
+    layout: 'centered',
+    badges: [BADGE.BETA],
+  },
+} as Meta<Args>;
+
+type Args = React.ComponentProps<typeof TextareaField>;
+
+export const Default: StoryObj<Args> = {
+  render: (args) => (
+    <TextareaField aria-label="Text Label" {...args}></TextareaField>
+  ),
+};
+
+export const UsingChildren: StoryObj<Args> = {
+  args: {
+    children: `Lorem ipsum, dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Id neque nemo
+    dicta rerum commodi et fugiat quo optio veniam! Ea odio corporis nemo
+    praesentium, commodi eligendi asperiores quis dolorum porro.`,
+    defaultValue: '',
+  },
+};
+
+export const WhenDisabled: StoryObj<Args> = {
+  args: {
+    disabled: true,
+  },
+  parameters: {
+    axe: {
+      // Disabled input does not need to meet color contrast
+      disabledRules: ['color-contrast'],
+    },
+  },
+};
+
+export const WhenInvalid: StoryObj<Args> = {
+  args: {
+    maxLength: 10,
+  },
+};

src/components/TextareaField/TextareaField.test.ts

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+import { generateSnapshots } from '@chanzuckerberg/story-utils';
+import * as stories from './TextareaField.stories';
+
+describe('<TextareaField />', () => {
+  generateSnapshots(stories);
+});

src/components/TextareaField/TextareaField.tsx

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+import clsx from 'clsx';
+import type { ReactNode } from 'react';
+import React, { forwardRef, useId } from 'react';
+import styles from './TextareaField.module.css';
+import FieldNote from '../FieldNote';
+import Label from '../Label';
+import Text from '../Text';
+import TextArea from '../TextArea';
+
+export type Props = React.TextareaHTMLAttributes<HTMLTextAreaElement> & {
+  /**
+   * Aria-label to provide an accesible name for the text input if no visible label is provided.
+   */
+  'aria-label'?: string;
+  /**
+   * Text content of the field upon instantiation
+   */
+  children?: string;
+  /**
+   * CSS class names that can be appended to the component.
+   */
+  className?: string;
+  /**
+   * Disables the field and prevents editing the contents
+   */
+  disabled?: boolean;
+  /**
+   * Text under the textarea used to provide a description or error message to describe the input.
+   */
+  fieldNote?: ReactNode;
+  /**
+   * HTML id for the component. Can be used with a custom Label component
+   */
+  id?: string;
+  /**
+   * Error state of the form field
+   */
+  isError?: boolean;
+  /**
+   * HTML label text (used in an accessory label component)
+   */
+  label?: string;
+};
+
+/**
+ * BETA: This component is still a work in progress and is subject to change.
+ *
+ * `import {TextareaField} from "@chanzuckerberg/eds";`
+ *
+ * Multi-line text input field with built-in labeling and accessory text to describe
+ * the content. When a maximum text count is specified, component also shows relevant
+ * text up to the maximum.
+ */
+export const TextareaField = forwardRef<HTMLTextAreaElement, Props>(
+  (
+    {
+      'aria-describedby': ariaDescribedBy,
+      children,
+      className,
+      disabled,
+      fieldNote,
+      id,
+      isError,
+      label,
+      required,
+      ...other
+    },
+    ref,
+  ) => {
+    if (
+      process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' &&
+      !label &&
+      !other['aria-label']
+    ) {
+      throw new Error('You must provide a visible label or aria-label');
+    }
+
+    const shouldRenderOverline = !!(label || required);
+    const overlineClassName = clsx(
+      styles['textarea-field__overline'],
+      !label && styles['textarea-field__overline--no-label'],
+      disabled && styles['textarea-field__overline--disabled'],
+    );
+    const generatedIdVar = useId();
+    const idVar = id || generatedIdVar;
+
+    const generatedAriaDescribedById = useId();
+    const ariaDescribedByVar = fieldNote
+      ? ariaDescribedBy || generatedAriaDescribedById
+      : undefined;
+
+    const componentClassName = clsx(styles['textarea-field'], className);
+
+    return (
+      <div className={componentClassName}>
+        {shouldRenderOverline && (
+          <div className={overlineClassName}>
+            {label && <Label htmlFor={idVar} text={label} />}
+            {required && (
+              <Text as="p" size="sm">
+                Required
+              </Text>
+            )}
+          </div>
+        )}
+        <TextArea
+          aria-describedby={ariaDescribedByVar}
+          aria-disabled={disabled}
+          id={idVar}
+          isError={isError}
+          readOnly={disabled}
+          ref={ref}
+          required={required}
+          {...other}
+        >
+          {children}
+        </TextArea>
+        {fieldNote && (
+          <FieldNote
+            disabled={disabled}
+            id={ariaDescribedByVar}
+            isError={isError}
+          >
+            {fieldNote}
+          </FieldNote>
+        )}
+      </div>
+    );
+  },
+);