vim

VIM Cheat sheet

Code formatting

• :set list, \l - show invisibles
• :retab! - auto converting between tabs and spaces
  • :set expandtab, retab! - to spaces
  • :set noexpandtab, retab! - to tabs
• . - repeat

Normal mode

• h, j, k, l - left, down, up, right
• gj - go down display line
• gk - go up display line
• 0 - to the first character of real line
• g0 - to the first character of display line
• ^ - to the first nonblank character of line
• g^ - to the first nonblank character of display line
• $ - to the end of real line
• g$ - to the end of display line
• w - forward to start of next word
• W - to the next WORD
• b - backward to start of current/previous word
• B - backward to start of current/previous WORD
• e - forward to end of current/next word
• E - forward to end of current/next WORD
• ge - backward to end of previous word
• gE - backward to end of previous WORD
• <number>G - to the line
• gg - beginning of the file
• G - end of the file
• ^G - show current line
• % - move to matching brackets
• f<char> - find next
• F<char> - find backward
• t<char> - find next char and place cursor before
• T<char> - find next char and place cursor before backward
• ; - go to the next of f/t
• , - go to previous of f/t
• g; - back to the last change
• g, - forward to the next change
• :changes - list changes
• {number}+ - go to the {number} lines down
• {number}- - go to the {number} lines up

Marks

• m{a-zA-Z} - set a mark
• `{mark} - go to the exact mark place
• '{mark} - go the first non-whitespace character on where mark was set

Automatic marks

• ` - Position before the last jump within current file
• . - Location of last change
• ^ - Location of last insertion
• [ - Start of last change or yank
• ] - End of last change or yank
• < - Start of last visual selection
• > - End of last visual selection

Search

• /<text> - forward search
  • d/ge - delete till you find ge
  • v/ge - select till ge
  • /{text}\c - case insensitive
  • /{text}\C - case sensitive
  • /\v{regex} - very magic search (more close to regex)
  • /\V{text} - very nomagic
  • /\v<{word}> - search for the word
  • \zs, \ze - helps to define boundaries of a match, for example /Practical \szVim<CR>
• ?<text> - backward search
• :hlsearch - highlight search results
• * - find next current word
• n - next occurrence in same direction
• N - next occurrence in opposite direction

Substitution

• :[range]s/{pattern}/{string}/{flags} [count] - replace

Flags

• g - globally (within line)
• c - confirm changes
  • y to substitute this match
  • n to skip this match
  • esc to skip this match
  • a to substitute this and all remaining matches {not in Vi}
  • q to quit substituting {not in Vi}
  • ⌃E to scroll the screen up {not in Vi}
  • ⌃Y to scroll the screen down {not in Vi}
• & - same flags as previous invocation of substitute
• e - subpress errors
• i - ignore case for the pattern
• I - don't ignore case for the pattern
• p - print the line containing last substitute

Range

• % - whole file
• <n>,<m> - between lines (including)

Special characters for the replacement string

• \r - carriage return
• \t - tab
• \\ - single backslash
• \1 - first submatch
• \0, & - entire matches pattern
• ~ - use string from previous invocation of substitute
• \={Vim script} - evaluate script

Edit

• O - insert line above the cursor
• o - insert line below the cursor
• A - start typing at the end of line
• I - start typing at the beginning of the line
• a - start typing after cursor
• i - start typing in place of cursor
• C - replace from cursor to the end of the line
• S - replace whole line
• s - replace current selection
• x - replace under cursor
• r<char> - replace char under cursor with
• gr - virtual replace, if tabs = spaces
• R - in place replacement (more than one letter)
• gR - virtual replace, if tabs = spaces
• {register}d{motion} - delete {motion}
• "_d{motion} - to delete in black hole (not a cut)
• c<motion> - change
• {register}y<motion> - yank
• ~<motion> - swap case (when selected)
• u<motion> - lowercase (when selected)
• U<motion> - uppercase (when selected)
• ><motion> - shift right (>> line)
• <<motion> - shift left (<< line)
• =<motion> - autoindent
• u, :u[ndo] - ungo changes
• ⌃R, :red[o] - redo changes
• U - undo all latest changes on the line

Insert mode

• ⌃w - delete word
• ⌃u - delete line
• ⌃b - backspace
• ⌃[ - as escape
• ⌃o - insert Normal Mode (just for one command)
• ⌃r{register} - paste in insert mode
• ⌃r={expression} - evaluate expression and paste
  • :let i = 1
  • ^r=i<CR> - insert i from let
• ⌃v[u]{digit} - insert letter by code
• ⌃k{char1}{char2} - insert letter by :diagraphs (<< >> 12 14 34) see :diagraph-table

Visual mode

• v - character-wise
• V - line-wise
• ⌃v - block-wise
• gv - reselect
• o - go to the other end of the highlighted text

Motions

• a), ab - a pair of (parentheses)
• i), ib - inside of (parentheses)
  • ci) - replace everything inside (...)
• a}, aB - a pair of {braces}
• i}, iB - inside of {braces}
• a] - a pair of [brackets]
• i] - inside of [brackets]
• a> - a pair of <angle brackets>
• i> - inside of <angle brackets>
• a' - a pair of 'single quotes'
• i' - inside of 'single quotes'
• a" - a pair of "double quotes"
• i" - inside of "double quotes"
• a` - a pair of backtricks
• i` - inside of backtricks
• at - a pair of <xml>tags</xml>
• it - inside of <xml>tags</xml>
• iw - current word
  • ciw - replace current word.
• aw - current word plus one space
  • daw - delete word and one space after it.
• iW - current WORD
• aW - current WORD plus one space
• is - current sentence
• as - current sentence plus one space
• ip - current paragraph
• ap - current paragprah plus one blank line

Yanking

• {register}p - paste text
  • :put {register} - paste from register below current line
  • ⌃r{register} - paste in insert mode, where register can be ", 0 , +
  • gp - paste and place cursor at the end of pasted text
• {register}P - paste previous
• {register}y{motion} - yank
  • yy - yank the line
  • by default yank always puts everything into unnamed and 0 registers
  • uppercase registes are used for append
  • "+, "* - system clipboard
• :reg - see content of all registers
  • "% - name of current file
  • "# - name of the alternate file
  • ". - last inserted text
  • ": - last Ex command
  • "/ - last search pattern

Windows

• ⌃w w - next window
• ⌃w h - next window on left
• ⌃w j - next window below
• ⌃w k - next window above
• ⌃w l - next window rigth
• ⌃w c, :close, :cl - close current window
• ⌃w o, :only, :on - keep only current window open
• ⌃w = - equalize width and height of all windows
• ⌃w _ - maximize height of active window
• ⌃w | - maximize width of active window
• {n} ⌃w _ - set active window height to {n} rows
• {n} ⌃w | - set active window width to {n} rows
• ⌃w s, :split {filename} - split by horizontally
• ⌃w v, :vsplit {filename} - split by vertically
• ⌃w H, ⌃w J, ⌃w K, ⌃w L - swap windows (:help window-moving)
• ⌃w x - rotate current window (:help window-moving)
• ⌃w r - rotate all windows (:help window-moving)
• ^w z - close preview window

Tabs

• :tabedit {filename}, :tabe {filename} - open filename in new tab
• ^w T - move current window into its own tab
• :tabc[lose] - close current tab
• :tabo[nly] - keep the active tab page
• {N}gt, :tabn[ext] {N} - switch to tab page number {N}
• gt, :tabn[ext] - switch to next tab
• gT, :tabp[revious] - switch to the previous tab
• :tabmove [N] - rearrange the tab

Buffers

• :ls - list of buffers
• [b, :bn[ext] - next buffer
• ]b, :bp[revious] - previous buffer
• [B, :bfirst - go to the first in the buffer
• ]B, :blast - go to the last in the buffer
• :buffer N - go to the buffer N
• ⌃-^ - alternate file
• :bd[elete] - delete current buffer
• :bufdo {command} - execute command for each buffer

Args

• :args - see args passed to the vim
• :args {list} - build arguments list
  • :args **/*.js **/*.css - load all js and css files in args
• :argdo command - execute command on each argument
  • :argdo normal @a - execute macro a for each file in args
  • :argdo write - write all files
• ]a, :next - go to the next in args
• [a, :prev - go to the prev in args
• ]A, :first - go to the first in args
• [A, :last - go to the last in args

Jumps

• ⌃o - jump to previous location
• ⌃i - jump to forward location
• :jumps - show all jumps
• ^] - jump to definition of keyword under the cursor
  • Use ctags to generate ctags file
  • ⌃t, :pop - to navigate back for our tag history
  • g ⌃]> - if multiple matches - show choices
  • :tselect, :tnext, :tprev, :tfirst, :tlast - navigate between multiple choices
  • :tag {keyword} - jump to definition
  • :tjump {keyword} - jump and ask for multiple
  • :tjump /{regex} - try to find
• gf - jump to file name under the cursor
  • :set suffixesadd+=.rb to add specific suffix :set path+=,%:h to add current directory
• (, ) - jump to start of previous/next sentence
• {, } - jump to start of previous/next paragraph

Command line mode

• ga - find code of selected character
• :set nowrap - unwrap lines
• :setlocal spell - turn on spell check
• @: - repeat the last ex command
• ⌃r, ⌃w - copy and paste current word to the command line
• ⌃p, Up - previous item from history
• ⌃n, Down - next item from history
• q: - see history of command line
• q/ - see history of searches
• :sh - go to shell
• :e <filename> - open file name for edit
  • :e! - re-read file from the disk (discard all changes)
  • :e %<Tab> - to get edit current opened file
  • :e %:h<Tab> - to get edit directory of current opened file
• :w <filename> - write current to file (whole file or selection)
• :wall - write all buffers
• :update <filename> - same as write, but only if modified
• :r <command|filename> - read from external file or command and paste
• :!{command} - execute command with shell
  • :2,$!sort -t',' -k2 - sort all lines except header by second column
  • read !{cmd} - execute cmd in shell and insert its stdout below cursor
  • :[range]write !{cmd} - execute cmd in the shell with [range] lines as stdin
• :[range]t {address}, :[range]co[py] {address} - copy line(s) from [range] and paste to {address}
  • . - instead of address means current line
  • :6copy. - copy from line 6 and insert on current line
  • :t6 - copy current line to below line 6
  • :t. - duplicate the current line
  • :t$ - copy the current line to the end of the file
  • '<,'>t0 - copy the visually selected lines to the start of the file
• :[range]m[ove] {address} - move line(s) from [range] and paste to {address}
• :[range]normal {command} - execute command on selected range
  • :%normal i// - instead // for whole file (command all lines)
  • '<,'>normal . - repeat last command for selected lines
• :[range] gloabl[!] /{pattern}/ [cmd] - execute command on range with matched pattern
  • :v, :vglobal - execute cmd on each line which does not match pattern
• :sort - sort selected lines
• :grep - grep in files
  • :grep -R Quickfix * - search in all directories
• :vim[grep][!] /{pattern}/[g][j] {file} ... - search with internal vim grep
  • g - multiple matches on the same line
  • j - don't jump to first match
• :make - execute make command
  • :setlocal makepkg=NODE_DISABLE_COLORS=1\ nodelint\ % - change make program
  • :setglobal errorformat? - see how errors are getting formatted
  • :compiler - to set compiler

Macros

• q{register}{macro}q - start recording macros
  • Uppercase register appends to the macro
• @{register} - replay macro
  • 10@a - execute 10 times macro from register a

Quickfix

• :cnext - jump to next item
• :cprev - jump to previous item
• :cfirst - jump to first item
• :clast - jump to last item
• :cnfile - jump to first item in next file
• :cpfile - jump to last item in previous file
• :cc N - jump to Nth item
• :copen - open the quickfix window
• :cclose - close the quickfix window
• :colder - older version of the quickfix list
• :cnewer - newer version of the quickfix list

Autocompletition

• ⌃n - generic keywords
• ⌃p - generic keywords (previous)
• ⌃y - accept the currently selected match (yes)
• ⌃e - revert to the originally typed text
• ⌃h - delete one character from current match
• ⌃l - add one character from current match
• ⌃x ⌃n - current buffer keywords
• ⌃x ⌃i - included file keywords
• ⌃x ⌃] - tags file keywords
• ⌃x ⌃k - dictionary lookup
  • :set spell should be enabled
• ⌃x ⌃l - whole line completion
• ⌃x ⌃f -filename completion
  • :pwd - to from where autocompletion will work
  • :cd public - to change to folder
  • :cd - - to previous working directory
• ⌃x ⌃o - omni-completion

Vim spell checker

• :set spell - enable spell checking
  • spellfile to share file with custom words
• :set spelllang=en_us - change speaking region
• [s - previous error
• ]s - next error
• z= - fix error
• zg - add current word to spell file
• zw - remove current word from the spell file
• zug - revert zg or zw command for current word
• ⌃x s - fix misspelled word in insert mode

Foldings

• zi - switch folding on or off
• za - toggle current fold open/closed
• zc - close current fold
• zR - open all folds
• zM - close all folds
• zv - expand folds to reveal cursor
• zj - move down to top of next fold
• zk - move up to bottom of previous fold
• zo - open current fold
• zO - recursively open current fold
• zc - close current fold
• zC - recursively close current fold
• za - toggle current fold
• zA - recursively open/close current fold
• zm - reduce foldlevel by one
• zM - close all folds
• zr - increase foldlevel by one
• zR - open all folds

Exit/Save

• :q[uit] - quit vim
• :q[uit]! - quit without saving
• :cq[uit] - quit always, without writing
• ZZ, :wq - write and quit
• ZQ, :wq! - write current file and exit always
• :wq {file} - write to {file} and exit after

Vim from command line

• vim -u NONE -N - launch vim without settings

Plugins

surround.vim

• S" - surround selection with "
• cs}] - change surrounding from } to ]

pymode

https://github.com/klen/python-mode

• K - show help for current symbol
• [ [ - Jump to previous class or function (normal, visual, operator modes)
• ] ] - Jump to next class or function (normal, visual, operator modes)
• [M - Jump to previous class or method (normal, visual, operator modes)
• ]M - Jump to next class or method (normal, visual, operator modes)
• aC - Select a class. Ex: vaC, daC, yaC, caC (normal, operator modes)
• iC - Select inner class. Ex: viC, diC, yiC, ciC (normal, operator modes)
• aM - Select a function or method. Ex: vaM, daM, yaM, caM (normal, operator modes)
• iM - Select inner function or method. Ex: viM, diM, yiM, ciM (normal, operator modes)
• ^r - Run script
• ^b - Set breakpoint

Rope

• ^c-d - Show doc
• ^c-rr - Rename
• ^c-r1r - Rename module
• ^c-ro - Organize imports
• ^c-r1p - Convert module to package
• ^c-rm - Extract method
• ^c-rl - Extract variable
• ^Space - Rope completion

---

This was taken from

https://github.com/outcoldman/outcoldman.com/blob/master/content/cheatsheets/vim/index.markdown