Fix improper_ctypes warning

This commit fixes an `improper_ctypes` warning when bridging transparent
structs that contain non FFI safe types.

While transparent structs that contained non FFI safe types were being
passed in an FFI safe way before this commit, the Rust compiler could
not know that what we were doing was FFI safe.

This commit uses `#[allow(improper_ctypes)]` to silence the lint.

## Illustration

Before this commit the following bridge module:

```rust
#[swift_bridge::bridge]
mod ffi {
    struct SharedStruct {
        field: String
    }

    extern "Swift" {
        fn swift_func() -> SharedStruct;
    }
}
```

would lead to the following warning:

```console
warning: `extern` block uses type `RustString`, which is not FFI-safe
 --> my_file.rs:4:12
  |
4 |     struct SharedStruct {
  |            ^^^^^^^^^^^^ not FFI-safe
  |
  = help: consider adding a `#[repr(C)]` or `#[repr(transparent)]` attribute to this struct
  = note: this struct has unspecified layout
  = note: `#[warn(improper_ctypes)]` on by default
```

This warning was a bit misleading in that it made it seem like the
`RustString` needed a `#[repr(C)]` annotation.

The real issue was that the generated FFI representation type:

```rust
#[repr(C)]
struct __swift_bridge__SharedStruct {
    field: *mut std::string::RustString
}
```
was triggering a warning because the Rust compiler can't know that the
non-FFI safe `std::string::RustString` is not being dereferenced on the
Swift side.

SwiftRustIntegrationTestRunner/SwiftRustIntegrationTestRunner/SharedStruct.swift

@@ -11,7 +11,10 @@ func rust_calls_swift_struct_with_no_fields(arg: StructWithNoFields) -> StructWi
     arg
 }
 
-func rust_calls_struct_repr_struct_one_primitive_field(arg: StructReprStructWithOnePrimitiveField) -> StructReprStructWithOnePrimitiveField {
+func rust_calls_swift_struct_repr_struct_one_primitive_field(arg: StructReprStructWithOnePrimitiveField) -> StructReprStructWithOnePrimitiveField {
     arg
 }
 
+func rust_calls_swift_struct_repr_struct_one_string_field(arg: StructReprStructWithOneStringField) -> StructReprStructWithOneStringField {
+    arg
+}

SwiftRustIntegrationTestRunner/SwiftRustIntegrationTestRunnerTests/SharedStructTests.swift

@@ -34,6 +34,16 @@ class SharedStructTests: XCTestCase {
         XCTAssertEqual(val.named_field, 56)
     }
 
+    /// Verify that we can pass a transparent struct that contains a String back and forth between Rust and Swift.
+    /// `SharedStruct { field: String }`.
+    func testStructReprStructWithOneStringField() {
+        let val = rust_calls_swift_struct_repr_struct_one_string_field(
+            arg: StructReprStructWithOneStringField(field: "hello world".intoRustString())
+        );
+        XCTAssertEqual(val.field.toString(), "hello world")
+    }
+
+
     /// Verify that we can create a tuple struct.
     func testTupleStruct() {
         let val = StructReprStructTupleStruct(_0: 11, _1: 22)

crates/swift-bridge-ir/src/codegen/codegen_tests/function_attribute_codegen_tests.rs

@@ -429,6 +429,8 @@ mod function_attribute_swift_name_extern_rust {
             pub fn call_swift_from_rust() -> String {
                 unsafe { Box::from_raw(unsafe {__swift_bridge__call_swift_from_rust () }).0 }
             }
+
+            #[allow(improper_ctypes)]
             extern "C" {
                 #[link_name = "__swift_bridge__$call_swift_from_rust"]
                 fn __swift_bridge__call_swift_from_rust() -> * mut swift_bridge::string::RustString;

crates/swift-bridge-ir/src/codegen/codegen_tests/opaque_rust_type_codegen_tests.rs

@@ -422,6 +422,7 @@ mod extern_swift_freestanding_fn_with_owned_opaque_rust_type_arg {
                 })) as *mut super::MyType ) }
             }
 
+            #[allow(improper_ctypes)]
             extern "C" {
                 #[link_name = "__swift_bridge__$some_function"]
                 fn __swift_bridge__some_function (arg: *mut super::MyType);

crates/swift-bridge-ir/src/codegen/codegen_tests/opaque_swift_type_codegen_tests.rs

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ mod extern_swift_freestanding_fn_with_owned_opaque_swift_type_arg {
                 }
             }
 
+            #[allow(improper_ctypes)]
             extern "C" {
                 #[link_name = "__swift_bridge__$some_function"]
                 fn __swift_bridge__some_function (arg: MyType);

crates/swift-bridge-ir/src/codegen/codegen_tests/vec_codegen_tests.rs

@@ -566,6 +566,8 @@ mod extern_swift_fn_return_vec_of_primitive_rust_type {
                 pub fn some_function() -> Vec<u8> {
                     unsafe { *Box::from_raw(unsafe { __swift_bridge__some_function() }) }
                 }
+
+                #[allow(improper_ctypes)]
                 extern "C" {
                     #[link_name = "__swift_bridge__$some_function"]
                     fn __swift_bridge__some_function() -> *mut Vec<u8>;
@@ -623,6 +625,8 @@ mod extern_swift_fn_arg_vec_of_primitive_rust_type {
                 pub fn some_function(arg: Vec<u8>) {
                     unsafe { __swift_bridge__some_function(Box::into_raw(Box::new(arg))) }
                 }
+
+                #[allow(improper_ctypes)]
                 extern "C" {
                     #[link_name = "__swift_bridge__$some_function"]
                     fn __swift_bridge__some_function(arg: *mut Vec<u8>);

crates/swift-bridge-ir/src/codegen/generate_rust_tokens.rs

@@ -259,11 +259,7 @@ impl ToTokens for SwiftBridgeModule {
         }
 
         let extern_swift_fn_tokens = if extern_swift_fn_tokens.len() > 0 {
-            quote! {
-                extern "C" {
-                    #(#extern_swift_fn_tokens)*
-                }
-            }
+            generate_extern_c_block(extern_swift_fn_tokens)
         } else {
             quote! {}
         };
@@ -310,6 +306,83 @@ impl ToTokens for SwiftBridgeModule {
     }
 }
 
+/// Generate an `extern "C"` block such as:
+///
+/// ```no_run
+/// extern "C" {
+///     #[link_name = "some_swift_function_name"]
+///     fn __swift_bridge__some_swift_function_name();
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// ## `improper_ctypes` lint suppression
+///
+/// We suppress the `improper_ctypes` lint with `#[allow(improper_ctypes)]`.
+///
+/// Given the following bridge module:
+///
+/// ```ignore
+/// #[swift_bridge::bridge]
+/// mod ffi {
+///     struct SomeStruct {
+///         string: String
+///     }
+///
+///     extern "Swift" {
+///         fn return_struct() -> SomeStruct;
+///     }
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// We would generate the following struct FFI representation and `extern "C"` block:
+///
+/// ```no_run
+/// struct __swift_bridge__SomeStruct {
+///     string: *mut swift_bridge::string::RustString
+/// }
+///
+/// extern "C" {
+///     #[link_name = "__swift_bridge__$rust_calls_swift_struct_repr_struct_one_string_field"]
+///     fn __swift_bridge__return_struct() -> __swift_bridge__SomeStruct;
+/// }
+///
+/// # mod swift_bridge { pub mod string { pub struct RustString; }}
+/// ```
+///
+/// The `__swift_bridge__SomeStruct` holds a pointer to a `RustString`.
+///
+/// Since `RustString` is not FFI safe, and the Rust compiler cannot know that we only plan to use
+/// the pointer as an opaque pointer, the Rust compiler emits an `improper_ctypes` lint.
+///
+/// We silence this lint since we know that our usage is FFI safe.
+///
+/// The risk in this is that if in the future we accidentally pass a truly improper ctype over FFI
+/// this `#[allow(improper_ctypes)]` might prevent us from noticing.
+///
+/// Given that our codegen is heavily tested we are not currently concerned about this.
+///
+/// Should we become concerned about this in the future we could consider solutions such as:
+///
+/// - Generate an `__swift_bridge__SomeStruct_INNER_OPAQUE` that only held opaque pointers.
+///   We could then transmute the `__swift_bridge__SomeStruct` to/from this type when
+///   passing/receiving it across the FFI boundary.
+///     ```
+///     struct __swift_bridge__SomeStruct_INNER_OPAQUE {
+///         string: *mut std::ffi::c_void
+///     }
+///     ```
+///   - This would involve generating an extra type, but given that they would have the same layout
+///     and simply get transmuted into each other we could imagine that the optimizer would erase
+///     all overhead.
+fn generate_extern_c_block(extern_swift_fn_tokens: Vec<TokenStream>) -> TokenStream {
+    quote! {
+        #[allow(improper_ctypes)]
+        extern "C" {
+            #(#extern_swift_fn_tokens)*
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     //! More tests can be found in src/codegen/codegen_tests.rs and its submodules.
@@ -361,6 +434,7 @@ mod tests {
                     unsafe { __swift_bridge__some_function() }
                 }
 
+                #[allow(improper_ctypes)]
                 extern "C" {
                     #[link_name = "__swift_bridge__$some_function"]
                     fn __swift_bridge__some_function ();
@@ -389,6 +463,7 @@ mod tests {
                     unsafe { __swift_bridge__some_function(start) }
                 }
 
+                #[allow(improper_ctypes)]
                 extern "C" {
                     #[link_name = "__swift_bridge__$some_function"]
                     fn __swift_bridge__some_function (start: bool);
@@ -620,6 +695,7 @@ mod tests {
                 }
             }
 
+            #[allow(improper_ctypes)]
             extern "C" {
                 #[link_name = "__swift_bridge__$Foo$_free"]
                 fn __swift_bridge__Foo__free (this: *mut std::ffi::c_void);
@@ -685,6 +761,7 @@ mod tests {
                 }
             }
 
+            #[allow(improper_ctypes)]
             extern "C" {
                 #[link_name = "__swift_bridge__$Foo$new"]
                 fn __swift_bridge__Foo_new() -> Foo;
@@ -805,6 +882,7 @@ mod tests {
                 }
             }
 
+            #[allow(improper_ctypes)]
             extern "C" {
                 #[link_name = "__swift_bridge__$Foo$notify"]
                 fn __swift_bridge__Foo_notify(this: swift_bridge::PointerToSwiftType);
@@ -885,6 +963,7 @@ mod tests {
                 unsafe { __swift_bridge__built_in_pointers(arg1, arg2) }
             }
 
+            #[allow(improper_ctypes)]
             extern "C" {
                 #[link_name = "__swift_bridge__$built_in_pointers"]
                 fn __swift_bridge__built_in_pointers (
@@ -912,6 +991,7 @@ mod tests {
                 unsafe { __swift_bridge__void_pointers(arg1, arg2) }
             }
 
+            #[allow(improper_ctypes)]
             extern "C" {
                 #[link_name = "__swift_bridge__$void_pointers"]
                 fn __swift_bridge__void_pointers (

crates/swift-bridge-macro/tests/ui/incorrect-return-type.stderr

@@ -29,3 +29,7 @@ error[E0308]: mismatched types
    = note: expected struct `SomeType`
                 found enum `Option<SomeType>`
    = note: this error originates in the attribute macro `swift_bridge::bridge` (in Nightly builds, run with -Z macro-backtrace for more info)
+help: consider using `Option::expect` to unwrap the `Option<SomeType>` value, panicking if the value is an `Option::None`
+   |
+6  | #[swift_bridge::bridge].expect("REASON")
+   |                        +++++++++++++++++

crates/swift-integration-tests/src/shared_types/shared_struct.rs

@@ -17,6 +17,11 @@ mod ffi {
     #[swift_bridge(swift_repr = "struct")]
     struct StructReprStructTupleStruct(u8, u32);
 
+    #[swift_bridge(swift_repr = "struct")]
+    struct StructReprStructWithOneStringField {
+        field: String,
+    }
+
     extern "Rust" {
         fn test_rust_calls_swift();
 
@@ -34,15 +39,19 @@ mod ffi {
     extern "Swift" {
         fn rust_calls_swift_struct_with_no_fields(arg: StructWithNoFields) -> StructWithNoFields;
 
-        fn rust_calls_struct_repr_struct_one_primitive_field(
+        fn rust_calls_swift_struct_repr_struct_one_primitive_field(
             arg: StructReprStructWithOnePrimitiveField,
         ) -> StructReprStructWithOnePrimitiveField;
+
+        fn rust_calls_swift_struct_repr_struct_one_string_field(
+            arg: StructReprStructWithOneStringField,
+        ) -> StructReprStructWithOneStringField;
     }
 }
 
 fn test_rust_calls_swift() {
     self::tests::test_rust_calls_swift_struct_with_no_fields();
-    self::tests::test_rust_calls_struct_repr_struct_one_primitive_field();
+    self::tests::test_rust_calls_swift_struct_repr_struct_one_primitive_field();
 }
 
 fn swift_calls_rust_struct_with_no_fields(arg: ffi::StructWithNoFields) -> ffi::StructWithNoFields {
@@ -70,10 +79,10 @@ mod tests {
             ffi::rust_calls_swift_struct_with_no_fields(ffi::StructWithNoFields);
     }
 
-    pub(super) fn test_rust_calls_struct_repr_struct_one_primitive_field() {
+    pub(super) fn test_rust_calls_swift_struct_repr_struct_one_primitive_field() {
         let arg = ffi::StructReprStructWithOnePrimitiveField { named_field: 10 };
 
-        let val = ffi::rust_calls_struct_repr_struct_one_primitive_field(arg);
+        let val = ffi::rust_calls_swift_struct_repr_struct_one_primitive_field(arg);
 
         assert_eq!(val.named_field, 10);
     }

examples/async-functions/build.sh

@@ -10,4 +10,5 @@ cargo build -p async-functions
 swiftc -L ../../target/debug \
   -lasync_functions \
   -import-objc-header bridging-header.h \
+  -framework CoreFoundation -framework SystemConfiguration \
   main.swift ./generated/SwiftBridgeCore.swift ./generated/async-functions/async-functions.swift