pattern it
The pattern.it module contains a fast part-of-speech tagger for Italian (identifies nouns, adjectives, verbs, etc. in a sentence) and tools for Italian verb conjugation and noun singularization & pluralization.
It can be used by itself or with other pattern modules: web | db | en | search | vector | graph.
The functions in this module take the same parameters and return the same values as their counterparts in pattern.en. Refer to the documentation there for more details.
Italian nouns and adjectives inflect according to gender. The gender() function predicts the gender (MALE, FEMALE, PLURAL) of a given noun with about 92%
accuracy:
>>> from pattern.it import gender, MALE, FEMALE, PLURAL
>>> print gender('gatti')
(MALE, PLURAL)
The article() function returns the
article (INDEFINITE or DEFINITE) inflected by gender (e.g., il gatto → i gatti).
>>> from pattern.it import article, DEFINITE, MALE, PLURAL
>>> print article('gatti', DEFINITE, gender=(MALE, PLURAL))
i
For Italian nouns there is singularize() and pluralize(). The implementation is slightly
less robust than the English version (accuracy 84% for singularization
and 93% for pluralization).
>>> from pattern.it import singularize, pluralize
>>>
>>> print singularize('gatti')
>>> print pluralize('gatto')
gatto
gatti
For Italian verbs there is conjugate(),
lemma(), lexeme() and tenses(). The lexicon for verb conjugation
contains about 1,250 common Italian verbs, mined from Wiktionary. For
unknown verbs it will fall back to a rule-based approach with an
accuracy of about 86%.
Italian verbs have more tenses than English verbs. In particular, the
plural differs for each person, and there are additional forms for
the FUTURE tense, the IMPERATIVE, CONDITIONAL and SUBJUNCTIVE mood and the PERFECTIVE aspect:
>>> from pattern.it import conjugate
>>> from pattern.it import INFINITIVE, PRESENT, PAST, SG, SUBJUNCTIVE, PERFECTIVE
>>>
>>> print conjugate('sono', INFINITIVE)
>>> print conjugate('sono', PRESENT, 1, SG, mood=SUBJUNCTIVE)
>>> print conjugate('sono', PAST, 3, SG)
>>> print conjugate('sono', PAST, 3, SG, aspect=PERFECTIVE)
essere
sia
era
fu
For PAST tense + PERFECTIVE aspect we can also use PRETERITE (passato remoto) For PAST tense + IMPERFECTIVE aspect we can also use IMPERFECT (imperfetto).
>>> from pattern.it import conjugate
>>> from pattern.it import IMPERFECT, PRETERITE
>>>
>>> print conjugate('sono', IMPERFECT, 3, SG)
>>> print conjugate('sono', PRETERITE, 3, SG)
era
fu
The conjugate() function takes the
following optional parameters:
| Tense | Person | Number | Mood | Aspect | Alias | Example |
| INFINITVE | None | None | None | None | "inf" | essere |
| PRESENT | 1 | SG | INDICATIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "1sg" | io __sono__ |
| PRESENT | 2 | SG | INDICATIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "2sg" | tu __sei__ |
| PRESENT | 3 | SG | INDICATIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "3sg" | lui __è__ |
| PRESENT | 1 | PL | INDICATIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "1pl" | noi __siamo__ |
| PRESENT | 2 | PL | INDICATIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "2pl" | voi __siete__ |
| PRESENT | 3 | PL | INDICATIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "3pl" | loro __sono__ |
| PRESENT | None | None | INDICATIVE | PROGRESSIVE | "part" | essendo |
| PRESENT | 2 | SG | IMPERATIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "2sg!" | sii |
| PRESENT | 3 | SG | IMPERATIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "3sg!" | sia |
| PRESENT | 1 | PL | IMPERATIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "1pl!" | siamo |
| PRESENT | 2 | PL | IMPERATIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "2pl!" | siate |
| PRESENT | 3 | PL | IMPERATIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "3pl!" | siano |
| PRESENT | 1 | SG | SUBJUNCTIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "1sg?" | io __sia__ |
| PRESENT | 2 | SG | SUBJUNCTIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "2sg?" | tu __sia__ |
| PRESENT | 3 | SG | SUBJUNCTIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "3sg?" | lui __sia__ |
| PRESENT | 1 | PL | SUBJUNCTIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "1pl?" | noi __siamo__ |
| PRESENT | 2 | PL | SUBJUNCTIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "2pl?" | voi __siate__ |
| PRESENT | 3 | PL | SUBJUNCTIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "3pl?" | loro __siano__ |
| PAST | 1 | SG | INDICATIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "1sgp" | io __ero__ |
| PAST | 2 | SG | INDICATIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "2sgp" | tu __eri__ |
| PAST | 3 | SG | INDICATIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "3sgp" | lui __era__ |
| PAST | 1 | PL | INDICATIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "1ppl" | noi __e____ravamo__ |
| PAST | 2 | PL | INDICATIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "2ppl" | voi __eravate__ |
| PAST | 3 | PL | INDICATIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "3ppl" | loro __erano__ |
| PAST | None | None | INDICATIVE | PROGRESSIVE | "ppart" | stato |
| PAST | 1 | SG | INDICATIVE | PERFECTIVE | "1sgp+" | io __fui__ |
| PAST | 2 | SG | INDICATIVE | PERFECTIVE | "2sgp+" | tu __fosti__ |
| PAST | 3 | SG | INDICATIVE | PERFECTIVE | "3sgp+" | lui __fu__ |
| PAST | 1 | PL | INDICATIVE | PERFECTIVE | "1ppl+" | noi __fummo__ |
| PAST | 2 | PL | INDICATIVE | PERFECTIVE | "2ppl+" | voi __foste__ |
| PAST | 3 | PL | INDICATIVE | PERFECTIVE | "3ppl+" | loro __furono__ |
| PAST | 1 | SG | SUBJUNCTIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "1sgp?" | io __fossi__ |
| PAST | 2 | SG | SUBJUNCTIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "2sgp?" | tu __fossi__ |
| PAST | 3 | SG | SUBJUNCTIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "3sgp?" | lui __fosse__ |
| PAST | 1 | PL | SUBJUNCTIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "1ppl?" | noi __fossimo__ |
| PAST | 2 | PL | SUBJUNCTIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "2ppl?" | voi __foste__ |
| PAST | 3 | PL | SUBJUNCTIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "3ppl?" | loro __fossero__ |
| FUTURE | 1 | SG | INDICATIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "1sgf" | io __sarò__ |
| FUTURE | 2 | SG | INDICATIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "2sgf" | tu __sarai__ |
| FUTURE | 3 | SG | INDICATIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "3sgf" | lui __sarà__ |
| FUTURE | 1 | PL | INDICATIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "1plf" | noi __saremo__ |
| FUTURE | 2 | PL | INDICATIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "2plf" | voi __sarete__ |
| FUTURE | 3 | PL | INDICATIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "3plf" | loro __saranno__ |
| CONDITIONAL | 1 | SG | INDICATIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "1sg->" | io __sarei__ |
| CONDITIONAL | 2 | SG | INDICATIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "2sg->" | tu __saresti__ |
| CONDITIONAL | 3 | SG | INDICATIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "3sg->" | lui __sarebbe__ |
| CONDITIONAL | 1 | PL | INDICATIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "1pl->" | noi __saremmo__ |
| CONDITIONAL | 2 | PL | INDICATIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "2pl->" | voi __sareste__ |
| CONDITIONAL | 3 | PL | INDICATIVE | IMPERFECTIVE | "3pl->" | loro __sarebbero__ |
Instead of optional parameters, a single short alias, or PARTICIPLE or PAST+PARTICIPLE can also be given. With no
parameters, the infinitive form of the verb is returned.
Italian adjectives inflect with suffixes -o → -i (masculine) and -a → -e (feminine), with some exceptions (e.g.,
grande → i grandi felini). You can get the base form with the predicative() function. A statistical
approach is used with an accuracy of 88%.
>>> from pattern.it import attributive
>>> print predicative('grandi')
grande
For parsing there is parse(),
parsetree() and split().
The parse() function annotates words in
the given string with their part-of-speech
tags (e.g.,
NN for nouns and VB for verbs). The parsetree() function takes a string and
returns a tree of nested objects (Text → Sentence → Chunk → Word). The split() function takes the output of parse() and returns a Text. See the pattern.en documentation (here) how to
manipulate Text objects.
>>> from pattern.it import parse, split
>>>
>>> s = parse('Il gatto nero faceva le fusa.')
>>> for sentence in split(s):
>>> print sentence
Sentence('Il/DT/B-NP/O gatto/NN/I-NP/O nero/JJ/I-NP/O'
'faceva/VB/B-VP/O'
'le/DT/B-NP/O fusa/NN/I-NP/O ././O/O')
The parser is mined from Wiktionary. The accuracy is around 92%.
There's no sentiment() function for
Italian yet.