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--- | ||
title: 抽象 | ||
status: Completed | ||
category: 特性 | ||
category: 屬性 | ||
tags: ["基本原理", "", ""] | ||
--- | ||
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--- | ||
title: 藍綠部署 | ||
status: Completed | ||
category: 概念 | ||
tags: ["方法論", "應用程式", ""] | ||
--- | ||
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## 是什麼 {#what-it-is} | ||
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藍綠部署是一種以最小的停機時間更新執行中的電腦系統的方法。 | ||
維運者維護兩個環境,被稱為 "藍" 和 "綠"。 | ||
一個提供正式服務的流量(所有使用者目前正在使用的版本),另一個則是需要升級的服務。 | ||
一旦非活躍(綠色)環境中的測試結束, | ||
正式服務流量會被切換過來(通常會使用[負載平衡器](/zh-tw/load-balancer/))。 | ||
注意,藍綠部署通常意思是要切換整個環境,包括許多[服務](/zh-tw/service/)。 | ||
令人困惑的是,有時這個術語被用於一個系統內的單個服務。 | ||
為了避免這個歧異,提到單個元件時,最好使用 "零停機部署" 一詞。 | ||
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## 解決的問題 {#problem-it-addresses} | ||
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在更新那些缺乏向後相容性而必須"同步"改變的軟體時,藍綠部署允許最短的停機時間。 | ||
例如,藍綠部署適用於一個由網站和資料庫組成的線上商店, | ||
該商店需要更新,但新版本的資料庫不能與舊版本的網站一起使用,反之亦然。 | ||
在這樣的情況下,兩者需要同時改變。 | ||
如果在正式環境這樣做,客戶會注意到停機時間。 | ||
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## 如何幫助 {#how-it-helps} | ||
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對於需要以最小的停機時間進行更新的非雲端原生軟體來說,藍綠部署是一種適合的方法。 | ||
然而,它的使用通常是一種 "警訊",老舊系統需要重新設計,以便可以單獨更新元件。 |
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--- | ||
title: 持續部署 (CD) | ||
status: Completed | ||
category: 概念 | ||
tags: ["應用程式", "方法論", ""] | ||
--- | ||
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## 是什麼 {#what-it-is} | ||
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持續部署,通常縮寫為 CD,它直接將完成的軟體部署到正式環境,比[持續交付](/zh-tw/continuous-delivery/)更進一步。 | ||
持續部署(CD)與[持續整合](/zh-tw/continuous-integration/)(CI)緊密相關,通常被稱為 CI/CD。 | ||
CI 流程用於測試對特定應用程式的變更是否正確,而 CD 流程則自動部署組織測試環境的程式碼變更到正式環境。 | ||
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## 解決的問題 {#problem-it-addresses} | ||
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發布新軟體版本是一個勞動密集且容易出錯的過程。 | ||
通常這也使組織希望盡量減少發布新版本的頻率,以避免正式環境發生事故並減少工程師需要在正常工作時間之外提供支援的次數。 | ||
傳統的軟體部署模型讓組織陷入一個惡性循環,其中軟體發布的過程無法滿足組織在穩定性和功能迭代速度方面的需求。 | ||
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## 如何幫助我們 {#how-it-helps} | ||
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透過自動化發布週期並強制組織更頻繁地將產品部署到正式環境中,CD 之於維運團隊就像 CI 之於開發團隊一樣。 | ||
具體來說,它強制維運團隊自動化正式部署中痛苦且容易出錯的部分,從而降低整體風險。 | ||
它還使組織更善於接受和適應正式環境的變化,進而提高穩定性。 | ||
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## 相關術語 {#related-terms} | ||
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- [持續整合](/zh-tw/continuous-integration/) | ||
- [持續交付](/zh-tw/continuous-delivery/) |
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--- | ||
title: 冪等 | ||
status: Completed | ||
category: 屬性 | ||
tags: ["屬性", "", ""] | ||
--- | ||
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在數學或電腦科學中,冪等被用來描述無論執行多少次都會有相同結果的操作。 | ||
如果參數相同,多次執行冪等操作都不會產生額外效果。 |
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--- | ||
title: 可靠性 | ||
status: Completed | ||
category: 屬性 | ||
tags: ["基本原理", "屬性", ""] | ||
--- | ||
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從雲端原生的角度來看,可靠性是指系統對故障的反應能力。 | ||
如果我們有一個具備在基礎設施發生變化且單一元件發生故障時仍可繼續運作的[分散式系統](/zh-tw/distributed-systems/),那麼它就是可靠的。 | ||
另一方面,如果它很容易出現故障,並且需要操作人員手動干涉才能使其繼續運行,那它是不可靠的。 | ||
[雲端原生應用程式](/zh-tw/cloud-native-apps/)的目標即是建立本質上可靠的系統。 |
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--- | ||
title: 傳輸層安全性協議 (TLS) | ||
status: Completed | ||
category: 概念 | ||
tags: ["安全", "網路", ""] | ||
--- | ||
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## 是什麼 {#what-it-is} | ||
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傳輸層安全性協議 (TLS) 是一種設計用於在網路通訊中提供安全性的協議。 | ||
它確保透過網路傳輸的資料能安全送達, | ||
避免遭監控或修改的可能性。 | ||
此一協議廣泛用於各類應用,譬如即時通訊、電子郵件等。 | ||
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## 解決的問題 {#problem-it-addresses} | ||
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若沒有 TLS,像是瀏覽習慣、電郵往來、線上對話與視訊會議等敏感資訊, | ||
在傳輸過程中可能輕易地被他人追蹤或修改。 | ||
使用伺服器與用戶端應用均支援 TLS 的方式, | ||
能確保資料在傳輸過程中被加密,無法被第三方窺看。 | ||
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## 如何幫助我們 {#how-it-helps} | ||
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TLS 透過一系列的編碼技術,為網路資料傳輸時提供安全防護。 | ||
TLS 讓用戶端應用與伺服器 (例如網頁瀏覽器與銀行網站) 之間建立一組加密連線。 | ||
並且它讓用戶端應用能正確地識別所呼叫的伺服器, | ||
以降低與偽造網站接觸的風險。 | ||
藉此確保使用 TLS 的應用間資料傳輸不會被第三方窺看與監控, | ||
保護包括信用卡卡號、密碼、位置等在內的敏感與私人資訊的安全。 |