sql: add support for ANALYZE <tablename>

This commit adds support for `ANALYZE <tablename>` by adding the
statement as syntactic sugar for the equivalent command
`CREATE STATISTICS "" FROM <tablename>`. This improves compatibility
with Postgres, and is needed to run the PostGIS tutorial as written.

Note that this commit does not add support for `ANALYZE` without a
table name. We can add support for that and other variants later if
needed, but it is not necessary for the PostGIS tutorial.

Fixes #49214

Release note (sql change): Added support for `ANALYZE <tablename>`,
which causes the database to collect statistics on the given table for
use by the optimizer. The functionality of this command is equivalent
to the existing command `CREATE STATISTICS "" FROM <tablename>`, but
it increases compatibility with Postgres by using the same syntax that
Postgres uses.

docs/generated/sql/bnf/stmt_block.bnf

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ stmt_block ::=
 stmt ::=
 	'HELPTOKEN'
 	| preparable_stmt
+	| analyze_stmt
 	| copy_from_stmt
 	| comment_stmt
 	| execute_stmt
@@ -42,6 +43,10 @@ preparable_stmt ::=
 	| update_stmt
 	| upsert_stmt
 
+analyze_stmt ::=
+	'ANALYZE' analyze_target
+	| 'ANALYSE' analyze_target
+
 copy_from_stmt ::=
 	'COPY' table_name opt_column_list 'FROM' 'STDIN' opt_with_options
 
@@ -206,6 +211,9 @@ update_stmt ::=
 upsert_stmt ::=
 	opt_with_clause 'UPSERT' 'INTO' insert_target insert_rest returning_clause
 
+analyze_target ::=
+	table_name
+
 table_name ::=
 	db_object_name
 

pkg/sql/create_stats.go

@@ -54,6 +54,14 @@ func (p *planner) CreateStatistics(ctx context.Context, n *tree.CreateStats) (pl
 	}, nil
 }
 
+// Analyze is syntactic sugar for CreateStatistics.
+func (p *planner) Analyze(ctx context.Context, n *tree.Analyze) (planNode, error) {
+	return &createStatsNode{
+		CreateStats: tree.CreateStats{Table: n.Table},
+		p:           p,
+	}, nil
+}
+
 // createStatsNode is a planNode implemented in terms of a function. The
 // startJob function starts a Job during Start, and the remainder of the
 // CREATE STATISTICS planning and execution is performed within the jobs

pkg/sql/logictest/testdata/logic_test/distsql_stats

@@ -107,9 +107,36 @@ NULL             {b}           256        4               0           true
 let $json_stats
 SHOW STATISTICS USING JSON FOR TABLE data
 
+# ANALYZE is syntactic sugar for CREATE STATISTICS with default columns.
+statement ok
+ANALYZE data
+
+query TTIIIB colnames
+SELECT
+	statistics_name,
+	column_names,
+	row_count,
+	distinct_count,
+	null_count,
+	histogram_id IS NOT NULL AS has_histogram
+FROM
+	[SHOW STATISTICS FOR TABLE data];
+----
+statistics_name  column_names  row_count  distinct_count  null_count  has_histogram
+NULL             {a}           256        4               0           true
+NULL             {a,b}         256        16              0           false
+NULL             {a,b,c}       256        64              0           false
+NULL             {a,b,c,d}     256        256             0           false
+NULL             {c}           256        4               0           true
+NULL             {c,d}         256        16              0           false
+NULL             {b}           256        4               0           false
+NULL             {d}           256        4               0           false
+NULL             {e}           256        2               0           true
+
 statement ok
 DELETE FROM system.table_statistics
 
+# Restore the old stats.
 statement ok
 ALTER TABLE data INJECT STATISTICS '$json_stats'
 

pkg/sql/opaque.go

@@ -57,6 +57,8 @@ func buildOpaque(
 		plan, err = p.AlterRole(ctx, n)
 	case *tree.AlterSequence:
 		plan, err = p.AlterSequence(ctx, n)
+	case *tree.Analyze:
+		plan, err = p.Analyze(ctx, n)
 	case *tree.CommentOnColumn:
 		plan, err = p.CommentOnColumn(ctx, n)
 	case *tree.CommentOnDatabase:
@@ -169,6 +171,7 @@ func init() {
 		&tree.AlterType{},
 		&tree.AlterSequence{},
 		&tree.AlterRole{},
+		&tree.Analyze{},
 		&tree.CommentOnColumn{},
 		&tree.CommentOnDatabase{},
 		&tree.CommentOnIndex{},

pkg/sql/parser/sql.y

@@ -762,6 +762,7 @@ func (u *sqlSymUnion) alterTypeAddValuePlacement() *tree.AlterTypeAddValuePlacem
 %type <tree.Statement> drop_view_stmt
 %type <tree.Statement> drop_sequence_stmt
 
+%type <tree.Statement> analyze_stmt
 %type <tree.Statement> explain_stmt
 %type <tree.Statement> prepare_stmt
 %type <tree.Statement> preparable_stmt
@@ -887,7 +888,7 @@ func (u *sqlSymUnion) alterTypeAddValuePlacement() *tree.AlterTypeAddValuePlacem
 %type <str> schema_name
 %type <*tree.UnresolvedName> table_pattern complex_table_pattern
 %type <*tree.UnresolvedName> column_path prefixed_column_path column_path_with_star
-%type <tree.TableExpr> insert_target create_stats_target
+%type <tree.TableExpr> insert_target create_stats_target analyze_target
 
 %type <*tree.TableIndexName> table_index_name
 %type <tree.TableIndexNames> table_index_name_list
@@ -1169,7 +1170,8 @@ stmt_block:
 
 stmt:
   HELPTOKEN { return helpWith(sqllex, "") }
-| preparable_stmt  // help texts in sub-rule
+| preparable_stmt   // help texts in sub-rule
+| analyze_stmt      // EXTEND WITH HELP: ANALYZE
 | copy_from_stmt
 | comment_stmt
 | execute_stmt      // EXTEND WITH HELP: EXECUTE
@@ -2844,6 +2846,34 @@ table_name_list:
     $$.val = append($1.tableNames(), name)
   }
 
+// %Help: ANALYZE - collect table statistics
+// %Category: Misc
+// %Text:
+// ANALYZE <tablename>
+//
+// %SeeAlso: CREATE STATISTICS
+analyze_stmt:
+  ANALYZE analyze_target
+  {
+    $$.val = &tree.Analyze{
+      Table: $2.tblExpr(),
+    }
+  }
+| ANALYZE error // SHOW HELP: ANALYZE
+| ANALYSE analyze_target
+  {
+    $$.val = &tree.Analyze{
+      Table: $2.tblExpr(),
+    }
+  }
+| ANALYSE error // SHOW HELP: ANALYZE
+
+analyze_target:
+  table_name
+  {
+    $$.val = $1.unresolvedObjectName()
+  }
+
 // %Help: EXPLAIN - show the logical plan of a query
 // %Category: Misc
 // %Text:

pkg/sql/plan_opt.go

@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ func (p *planner) prepareUsingOptimizer(ctx context.Context) (planFlags, error)
 
 	switch stmt.AST.(type) {
 	case *tree.AlterIndex, *tree.AlterTable, *tree.AlterSequence,
+		*tree.Analyze,
 		*tree.BeginTransaction,
 		*tree.CommentOnColumn, *tree.CommentOnDatabase, *tree.CommentOnIndex, *tree.CommentOnTable,
 		*tree.CommitTransaction,

pkg/sql/sem/tree/analyze.go

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The Cockroach Authors.
+//
+// Use of this software is governed by the Business Source License
+// included in the file licenses/BSL.txt.
+//
+// As of the Change Date specified in that file, in accordance with
+// the Business Source License, use of this software will be governed
+// by the Apache License, Version 2.0, included in the file
+// licenses/APL.txt.
+
+package tree
+
+// Analyze represents an ANALYZE statement.
+type Analyze struct {
+	Table TableExpr
+}
+
+// Format implements the NodeFormatter interface.
+func (node *Analyze) Format(ctx *FmtCtx) {
+	ctx.WriteString("ANALYZE ")
+	ctx.FormatNode(node.Table)
+}

pkg/sql/sem/tree/stmt.go

@@ -212,6 +212,12 @@ func (*AlterRole) cclOnlyStatement() {}
 
 func (*AlterRole) hiddenFromShowQueries() {}
 
+// StatementType implements the Statement interface.
+func (*Analyze) StatementType() StatementType { return DDL }
+
+// StatementTag returns a short string identifying the type of statement.
+func (*Analyze) StatementTag() string { return "ANALYZE" }
+
 // StatementType implements the Statement interface.
 func (*Backup) StatementType() StatementType { return Rows }
 
@@ -919,6 +925,7 @@ func (n *AlterTableSetNotNull) String() string           { return AsString(n) }
 func (n *AlterType) String() string                      { return AsString(n) }
 func (n *AlterRole) String() string                      { return AsString(n) }
 func (n *AlterSequence) String() string                  { return AsString(n) }
+func (n *Analyze) String() string                        { return AsString(n) }
 func (n *Backup) String() string                         { return AsString(n) }
 func (n *BeginTransaction) String() string               { return AsString(n) }
 func (n *ControlJobs) String() string                    { return AsString(n) }