Gas Optimizations

[code423n4]

Gas Optimizations

---

G-01: ++i/i++ should be placed in unchecked blocks to save gas as it is impossible for them to overflow in for and while loops

Unchecked keyword is available in solidity version 0.8.0 or higher and can be applied to iterator variables to save gas.
Saves more than 30 gas per loop.

Total instances of this issue: 2

instance #1
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/token/metadata/MetadataRenderer.sol#L133

src/token/metadata/MetadataRenderer.sol

133:            for (uint256 i = 0; i < numNewItems; ++i) {

instance #2
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/token/metadata/MetadataRenderer.sol#L229

src/token/metadata/MetadataRenderer.sol

229:            for (uint256 i = 0; i < numProperties; ++i) {

---

G-02: x += y costs more gas than x = x + y for state variables

Total instances of this issue: 6

instance #1
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/token/Token.sol#L88

src/token/Token.sol

88:                if ((totalOwnership += uint8(founderPct)) > 100) revert INVALID_FOUNDER_OWNERSHIP();

instance #2
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/token/Token.sol#L118

src/token/Token.sol

118:                    (baseTokenId += schedule) % 100;

instance #3
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/token/metadata/MetadataRenderer.sol#L140

src/token/metadata/MetadataRenderer.sol

140:                    _propertyId += numStoredProperties;

instance #4
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/governance/governor/Governor.sol#L280

src/governance/governor/Governor.sol

280:                proposal.againstVotes += uint32(weight);

instance #5
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/governance/governor/Governor.sol#L285

src/governance/governor/Governor.sol

285:                proposal.forVotes += uint32(weight);

instance #6
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/governance/governor/Governor.sol#L290

src/governance/governor/Governor.sol

290:                proposal.abstainVotes += uint32(weight);

---

G-03: Adding payable to functions which are only meant to be called by specific actors like onlyOwner will save gas cost

Marking functions payable removes additional checks for whether a payment was provided, hence reducing gas cost

Total instances of this issue: 24

instance #1
Permalink: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/token/metadata/MetadataRenderer.sol#L91-L95

src/token/metadata/MetadataRenderer.sol

91:    function addProperties(
92:        string[] calldata _names,
93:        ItemParam[] calldata _items,
94:        IPFSGroup calldata _ipfsGroup
95:    ) external onlyOwner {

instance #2
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/token/metadata/MetadataRenderer.sol#L347

src/token/metadata/MetadataRenderer.sol

347:    function updateContractImage(string memory _newContractImage) external onlyOwner {

instance #3
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/token/metadata/MetadataRenderer.sol#L355

src/token/metadata/MetadataRenderer.sol

355:    function updateRendererBase(string memory _newRendererBase) external onlyOwner {

instance #4
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/token/metadata/MetadataRenderer.sol#L363

src/token/metadata/MetadataRenderer.sol

363:    function updateDescription(string memory _newDescription) external onlyOwner {

instance #5
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/token/metadata/MetadataRenderer.sol#L376

src/token/metadata/MetadataRenderer.sol

376:    function _authorizeUpgrade(address _impl) internal view override onlyOwner {

instance #6
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/auction/Auction.sol#L244

src/auction/Auction.sol

244:    function unpause() external onlyOwner {

instance #7
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/auction/Auction.sol#L263

src/auction/Auction.sol

263:    function pause() external onlyOwner {

instance #8
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/auction/Auction.sol#L307

src/auction/Auction.sol

307:    function setDuration(uint256 _duration) external onlyOwner {

instance #9
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/auction/Auction.sol#L315

src/auction/Auction.sol

315:    function setReservePrice(uint256 _reservePrice) external onlyOwner {

instance #10
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/auction/Auction.sol#L323

src/auction/Auction.sol

323:    function setTimeBuffer(uint256 _timeBuffer) external onlyOwner {

instance #11
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/auction/Auction.sol#L331

src/auction/Auction.sol

331:    function setMinimumBidIncrement(uint256 _percentage) external onlyOwner {

instance #12
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/auction/Auction.sol#L374

src/auction/Auction.sol

374:    function _authorizeUpgrade(address _newImpl) internal view override onlyOwner {

instance #13
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/manager/Manager.sol#L187

src/manager/Manager.sol

187:    function registerUpgrade(address _baseImpl, address _upgradeImpl) external onlyOwner {

instance #14
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/manager/Manager.sol#L196

src/manager/Manager.sol

196:    function removeUpgrade(address _baseImpl, address _upgradeImpl) external onlyOwner {

instance #15
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/manager/Manager.sol#L209

src/manager/Manager.sol

209:    function _authorizeUpgrade(address _newImpl) internal override onlyOwner {}

instance #16
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/governance/governor/Governor.sol#L564

src/governance/governor/Governor.sol

564:    function updateVotingDelay(uint256 _newVotingDelay) external onlyOwner {

instance #17
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/governance/governor/Governor.sol#L572

src/governance/governor/Governor.sol

572:    function updateVotingPeriod(uint256 _newVotingPeriod) external onlyOwner {

instance #18
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/governance/governor/Governor.sol#L580

src/governance/governor/Governor.sol

580:    function updateProposalThresholdBps(uint256 _newProposalThresholdBps) external onlyOwner {

instance #19
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/governance/governor/Governor.sol#L588

src/governance/governor/Governor.sol

588:    function updateQuorumThresholdBps(uint256 _newQuorumVotesBps) external onlyOwner {

instance #20
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/governance/governor/Governor.sol#L596

src/governance/governor/Governor.sol

596:    function updateVetoer(address _newVetoer) external onlyOwner {

instance #21
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/governance/governor/Governor.sol#L605

src/governance/governor/Governor.sol

605:    function burnVetoer() external onlyOwner {

instance #22
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/governance/governor/Governor.sol#L618

src/governance/governor/Governor.sol

618:    function _authorizeUpgrade(address _newImpl) internal view override onlyOwner {

instance #23
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/governance/treasury/Treasury.sol#L116

src/governance/treasury/Treasury.sol

116:    function queue(bytes32 _proposalId) external onlyOwner returns (uint256 eta) {

instance #24
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/governance/treasury/Treasury.sol#L180

src/governance/treasury/Treasury.sol

180:    function cancel(bytes32 _proposalId) external onlyOwner {

---

G-04: No need to initialize non-constant/non-immutable variables to zero

Since the default value is already zero, overwriting is not required.
Saves 8 gas per instance.

Total instances of this issue: 5

instance #1
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/token/metadata/MetadataRenderer.sol#L119

src/token/metadata/MetadataRenderer.sol

119:            for (uint256 i = 0; i < numNewProperties; ++i) {

instance #2
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/token/metadata/MetadataRenderer.sol#L133

src/token/metadata/MetadataRenderer.sol

133:            for (uint256 i = 0; i < numNewItems; ++i) {

instance #3
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/token/metadata/MetadataRenderer.sol#L189

src/token/metadata/MetadataRenderer.sol

189:            for (uint256 i = 0; i < numProperties; ++i) {

instance #4
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/token/metadata/MetadataRenderer.sol#L229

src/token/metadata/MetadataRenderer.sol

229:            for (uint256 i = 0; i < numProperties; ++i) {

instance #5
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/governance/treasury/Treasury.sol#L162

src/governance/treasury/Treasury.sol

162:            for (uint256 i = 0; i < numTargets; ++i) {

---

G-05: Using uints/ints smaller than 256 bits increases overhead

Gas usage becomes higher with uint/int smaller than 256 bits because EVM operates on 32 bytes and uses additional operations to reduce the size from 32 bytes to the target size.

Total instances of this issue: 28

instance #1
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/token/types/TokenTypesV1.sol#L18

src/token/types/TokenTypesV1.sol

18:        uint96 totalSupply;

instance #2
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/token/types/TokenTypesV1.sol#L20

src/token/types/TokenTypesV1.sol

20:        uint8 numFounders;

instance #3
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/token/types/TokenTypesV1.sol#L21

src/token/types/TokenTypesV1.sol

21:        uint8 totalOwnership;

instance #4
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/token/types/TokenTypesV1.sol#L30

src/token/types/TokenTypesV1.sol

30:        uint8 ownershipPct;

instance #5
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/token/types/TokenTypesV1.sol#L31

src/token/types/TokenTypesV1.sol

31:        uint32 vestExpiry;

instance #6
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/token/metadata/types/MetadataRendererTypesV1.sol#L20

src/token/metadata/types/MetadataRendererTypesV1.sol

20:        uint16 referenceSlot;

instance #7
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/auction/types/AuctionTypesV1.sol#L16

src/auction/types/AuctionTypesV1.sol

16:        uint40 duration;

instance #8
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/auction/types/AuctionTypesV1.sol#L17

src/auction/types/AuctionTypesV1.sol

17:        uint40 timeBuffer;

instance #9
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/auction/types/AuctionTypesV1.sol#L18

src/auction/types/AuctionTypesV1.sol

18:        uint8 minBidIncrement;

instance #10
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/auction/types/AuctionTypesV1.sol#L33

src/auction/types/AuctionTypesV1.sol

33:        uint40 startTime;

instance #11
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/auction/types/AuctionTypesV1.sol#L34

src/auction/types/AuctionTypesV1.sol

34:        uint40 endTime;

instance #12
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/governance/governor/types/GovernorTypesV1.sol#L21

src/governance/governor/types/GovernorTypesV1.sol

21:        uint16 proposalThresholdBps;

instance #13
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/governance/governor/types/GovernorTypesV1.sol#L22

src/governance/governor/types/GovernorTypesV1.sol

22:        uint16 quorumThresholdBps;

instance #14
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/governance/governor/types/GovernorTypesV1.sol#L24

src/governance/governor/types/GovernorTypesV1.sol

24:        uint48 votingDelay;

instance #15
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/governance/governor/types/GovernorTypesV1.sol#L25

src/governance/governor/types/GovernorTypesV1.sol

25:        uint48 votingPeriod;

instance #16
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/governance/governor/types/GovernorTypesV1.sol#L44

src/governance/governor/types/GovernorTypesV1.sol

44:        uint32 timeCreated;

instance #17
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/governance/governor/types/GovernorTypesV1.sol#L45

src/governance/governor/types/GovernorTypesV1.sol

45:        uint32 againstVotes;

instance #18
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/governance/governor/types/GovernorTypesV1.sol#L46

src/governance/governor/types/GovernorTypesV1.sol

46:        uint32 forVotes;

instance #19
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/governance/governor/types/GovernorTypesV1.sol#L47

src/governance/governor/types/GovernorTypesV1.sol

47:        uint32 abstainVotes;

instance #20
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/governance/governor/types/GovernorTypesV1.sol#L48

src/governance/governor/types/GovernorTypesV1.sol

48:        uint32 voteStart;

instance #21
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/governance/governor/types/GovernorTypesV1.sol#L49

src/governance/governor/types/GovernorTypesV1.sol

49:        uint32 voteEnd;

instance #22
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/governance/governor/types/GovernorTypesV1.sol#L50

src/governance/governor/types/GovernorTypesV1.sol

50:        uint32 proposalThreshold;

instance #23
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/governance/governor/types/GovernorTypesV1.sol#L51

src/governance/governor/types/GovernorTypesV1.sol

51:        uint32 quorumVotes;

instance #24
Permalink: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/governance/governor/Governor.sol#L208-L216

src/governance/governor/Governor.sol

208:    function castVoteBySig(
209:        address _voter,
210:        bytes32 _proposalId,
211:        uint256 _support,
212:        uint256 _deadline,
213:        uint8 _v,
214:        bytes32 _r,
215:        bytes32 _s
216:    ) external returns (uint256) {

instance #25
Permalink: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/governance/governor/IGovernor.sol#L176-L184

src/governance/governor/IGovernor.sol

176:    function castVoteBySig(
177:        address voter,
178:        bytes32 proposalId,
179:        uint256 support,
180:        uint256 deadline,
181:        uint8 v,
182:        bytes32 r,
183:        bytes32 s
184:    ) external returns (uint256);

instance #26
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/governance/treasury/types/TreasuryTypesV1.sol#L12

src/governance/treasury/types/TreasuryTypesV1.sol

12:        uint128 gracePeriod;

instance #27
Link: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/governance/treasury/types/TreasuryTypesV1.sol#L13

src/governance/treasury/types/TreasuryTypesV1.sol

13:        uint128 delay;

instance #28
Permalink: https://github.com/code-423n4/2022-09-nouns-builder/blob/main/src/lib/token/ERC721Votes.sol#L144-L151

src/lib/token/ERC721Votes.sol

144:    function delegateBySig(
145:        address _from,
146:        address _to,
147:        uint256 _deadline,
148:        uint8 _v,
149:        bytes32 _r,
150:        bytes32 _s
151:    ) external {

[GalloDaSballo]

115 (15 from i = 0) 100 from rest