fix: Entity::hasChanged() is unreliable for casts

system/Entity/Entity.php

@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ public function toRawArray(bool $onlyChanged = false, bool $recursive = false):
         }
 
         foreach ($this->attributes as $key => $value) {
-            if (! $this->hasChanged($key)) {
+            if (! $this->hasChangedAttributes($key)) {
                 continue;
             }
 
@@ -268,22 +268,45 @@ public function hasChanged(?string $key = null): bool
     {
         // If no parameter was given then check all attributes
         if ($key === null) {
-            return $this->original !== $this->attributes;
+            return $this->hasChangedAttributes();
         }
 
-        $dbColumn = $this->mapProperty($key);
+        $key = $this->mapProperty($key);
+
+        return $this->hasChangedAttributes($key);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks a attribute to see if it has changed since the entity
+     * was created. Or, without a parameter, checks if any
+     * attributes have changed.
+     *
+     * @param string|null $key key of $this->attributes
+     */
+    private function hasChangedAttributes(?string $key = null): bool
+    {
+        // If no parameter was given then check all attributes
+        if ($key === null) {
+            foreach (array_keys($this->attributes) as $key) {
+                if ($this->isChanged($key)) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
 
         // Key doesn't exist in either
-        if (! array_key_exists($dbColumn, $this->original) && ! array_key_exists($dbColumn, $this->attributes)) {
+        if (! array_key_exists($key, $this->original) && ! array_key_exists($key, $this->attributes)) {
             return false;
         }
 
         // It's a new element
-        if (! array_key_exists($dbColumn, $this->original) && array_key_exists($dbColumn, $this->attributes)) {
+        if (! array_key_exists($key, $this->original) && array_key_exists($key, $this->attributes)) {
             return true;
         }
 
-        return $this->original[$dbColumn] !== $this->attributes[$dbColumn];
+        return $this->isChanged($key);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -526,7 +549,6 @@ public function __get(string $key)
             // If a "`get` + $key" method exists, it is also a getter.
             $result = $this->{$method}();
         }
-
         // Otherwise return the protected property
         // if it exists.
         elseif (array_key_exists($dbColumn, $this->attributes)) {
@@ -545,6 +567,28 @@ public function __get(string $key)
         return $result;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get cast value from the data array.
+     *
+     * @return array|bool|float|int|object|string|null
+     */
+    private function _getCastData(string $key, array $data)
+    {
+        if (array_key_exists($key, $data)) {
+            return $this->castAs($data[$key], $key);
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if the key value is changed.
+     */
+    private function isChanged(string $key): bool
+    {
+        return $this->_getCastData($key, $this->original) !== $this->_getCastData($key, $this->attributes);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Returns true if a property exists names $key, or a getter method
      * exists named like for __get().

tests/system/Entity/EntityTest.php

@@ -1032,6 +1032,51 @@ public function testHasChangedMappedChanged(): void
         $this->assertTrue($entity->hasChanged('createdAt'));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @see https://github.com/codeigniter4/CodeIgniter4/issues/5905
+     */
+    public function testHasChangedCastsItem()
+    {
+        $data = [
+            'id'   => '1',
+            'name' => 'John',
+            'age'  => '35',
+        ];
+        $entity = new class ($data) extends \CodeIgniter\Entity {
+            protected $casts = [
+                'id'   => 'integer',
+                'name' => 'string',
+                'age'  => 'integer',
+            ];
+        };
+        $entity->syncOriginal();
+
+        $entity->age = 35;
+
+        $this->assertFalse($entity->hasChanged('age'));
+    }
+
+    public function testHasChangedCastsWholeEntity()
+    {
+        $data = [
+            'id'   => '1',
+            'name' => 'John',
+            'age'  => '35',
+        ];
+        $entity = new class ($data) extends \CodeIgniter\Entity {
+            protected $casts = [
+                'id'   => 'integer',
+                'name' => 'string',
+                'age'  => 'integer',
+            ];
+        };
+        $entity->syncOriginal();
+
+        $entity->age = 35;
+
+        $this->assertFalse($entity->hasChanged());
+    }
+
     public function testHasChangedWholeEntity(): void
     {
         $entity = $this->getEntity();