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# Focal Surface Holographic Light Transport using Learned Spatially Adaptive Convolutions

## People
<table class="" style="margin: 10px auto;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td> <img src="../../people/chuanjun_zheng.png" width="120" alt=/> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
<td> <img src="../../people/yicheng_zhan.png" width="120" alt=/> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
<td> <img src="../../people/liang_shi.png" width="120" alt=/> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
<td> <img src="../../people/ozan_cakmakci.png" width="120" alt=/> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
<td> <img src="../../people/kaan_aksit.png" width="120" alt=/> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://scholar.google.com.hk/citations?user=9Jk_LC8AAAAJ&hl=zh-CN">Chuanjun Zheng</a><sup>1</sup></p></td>
<td><p style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=zh-CN&user=x2ptSYUAAAAJ">Yicheng Zhan</a><sup>1</sup></p></td>
<td><p style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://people.csail.mit.edu/liangs/">Liang Shi</a><sup>2</sup></p></td>
<td><p style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=xZLjeAMAAAAJ&hl=en">Ozan Cakmakci</a><sup>3</sup></p></td>
<td><p style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://kaanaksit.com">Kaan Akşit</a><sup>1</sup></p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="text-align:center;">
<sup>1</sup>University College London,
<sup>2</sup>Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
<sup>3</sup>Google
</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><b>SIGGRAPH Asia 2024 Technical Communications </b></p>

## Resources
:material-newspaper-variant: [Manuscript](https://kaanaksit.com/assets/pdf/ZhengEtAl_SigAsia2024_Focal_surface_holographic_light_transport_using_learned_spatially_adaptive_convolutions.pdf)
:material-newspaper-variant: [Supplementary](https://kaanaksit.com/assets/pdf/ZhengEtAl_SigAsia2024_Supplementary_Focal_surface_holographic_light_transport_using_learned_spatially_adaptive_convolutions.pdf)

[//]: # (:material-file-code: [Code]&#40;https://github.com/complight/multicolor&#41;)

[//]: # (:material-video-account: [Project video]&#40;https://kaanaksit.com/assets/video/KavakliSigAsia2023Multicolor.mp4&#41;)
??? info ":material-tag-text: Bibtex"
@inproceedings{kavakli2023multicolor,
title={Focal Surface Holographic Light Transport using Learned Spatially Adaptive Convolutions},
author={Chuanjun Zheng, Yicheng Zhan, Liang Shi, Ozan Cakmakci, and Kaan Akşit},
booktitle = {SIGGRAPH Asia 2024 Technical Communications (SA Technical Communications ’24)},
keywords = {Computer-Generated Holography, Light Transport, Optimization},
location = {Tokyo, Japan},
series = {SA '24},
month={December},
year={2024},
doi={https://doi.org/10.1145/3681758.3697989}
}


[//]: # (## Video)

[//]: # (<video controls>)

[//]: # (<source src="https://kaanaksit.com/assets/video/KavakliSigAsia2023Multicolor.mp4" id="“ type="video/mp4">)

[//]: # (</video>)


## Abstract
Computer-Generated Holography (CGH) is a set of algorithmic methods for identifying holograms that reconstruct Three-Dimensional
scenes in holographic displays. CGH algorithms decompose 3D scenes into multiplanes at different depth levels and rely on simulations
of light that propagated from a source plane to a targeted plane. Thus, for $n$ planes, CGH typically optimizes holograms using $n$ plane-to-plane
light transport simulations, leading to major time and computational demands. Our work replaces multiple planes with a focal surface and introduces
a learned light transport model that could propagate a light field from a source plane to the focal surface in a single inference. Our model leverages
spatially adaptive convolution to achieve depth-varying propagation demanded by targeted focal surfaces. The proposed model reduces the hologram
optimization process up to $1.5x$, which contributes to hologram dataset generation and the training of future learned CGH models.


## Focal Surface Holographic Light Transport
Simulating light propagation among multiple planes in a 3D volume is computationally
demanding, as a 3D volume is represented with multiple planes and each plane requires
a separate calculation of light propagation to reconstruct the target image. Thus,
for $n$ planes, conventional light transport simulation methods require $n$ plane-to-plane
simulations, leading to major time and computational demands. Our work replaces multiple
planes with a focal surface and introduces a learned light transport model that could
propagate a light field from a source plane to the focal surface in a single inference,
reducing simulation time by $10x$.
<figure markdown>
![Image title](media/focal_surfaec_lightprop_proposed_vs_conv.png){ width="500" }
</figure>

## Results
When simulating a full-color, all-in-focus 3D image across a focal surface, conventional
Angular Spectrum Method (ASM) requires eighteen forward
passes to simulate the 3D image with six depth planes.
In contrast, our model simulates the three colorprimary images simultaneously
onto a focal surface with a single forward pass.
In the mean time, our model preserves more high-frequency content than U-Net, providing
finer details and sharper edges, closer to the ground truth.
<figure markdown>
![Image title](media/focal_surface_lightprop_experimental_results_castle.png){ width="800" }
</figure>

We utilize our model for a 3D phase-only hologram optimization application under
$0 mm$ propagation distance. Optimizing holograms with six target planes using ASM
is denoted as ASM 6, while Ours 6 represents optimizing holograms using our model with six
focal surfaces. When comparing the simulation results, all holograms are reconstructed using ASM for performance assessment.
Ours 6 achieves comparable results with about $70\%$ of the optimization time compared to ASM 6.

<figure markdown>
![Image title](media/focal_surface_lightprop_experimental_results_leaves.png){ width="800" }
</figure>

We also apply our model for a 3D phase-only hologram optimization application under $10 mm$ propagation distance.

<figure markdown>
![Image title](media/focal_surface_lightprop_experimental_results_tiger.png){ width="800" }
</figure>




## Relevant research works
Here are relevant research works from the authors:

- [Multi-color Holograms Improve Brightness in Holographic Displays](multi_color.md)
- [HoloBeam: Paper-Thin Near-Eye Displays](holobeam.md)
- [Realistic Defocus for Multiplane Computer-Generated Holography](realistic_defocus_cgh.md)
- [Optimizing Vision and Visuals: Lectures on Cameras, Displays, and Perception](../teaching/siggraph2022_optimizing_vision_and_visuals.md)
- [Learned Holographic Light Transport](https://github.com/complight/realistic_holography)
- [Metameric Varifocal Holograms](https://github.com/complight/metameric_holography)
- [Odak](https://github.com/kunguz/odak)


[//]: # (## External Other Links)

[//]: # (Here are links related to our project such as videos, articles or podcasts:)

[//]: # ()
[//]: # (- [ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2023, Technical Papers Fast Forward &#40;Preview the presentations on 13 Dec, Day 2&#41;]&#40;https://youtu.be/dMsD_xXOEKA?feature=shared&t=332&#41;)


## Outreach
We host a Slack group with more than 250 members.
This Slack group focuses on the topics of rendering, perception, displays and cameras.
The group is open to public and you can become a member by following [this link](../outreach/index.md).

## Contact Us
!!! Warning
Please reach us through [email](mailto:chuanjunzhengcs@gmail.com) to provide your feedback and comments.




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1 change: 1 addition & 0 deletions mkdocs.yml
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Expand Up @@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ nav:
- Publications:
- List of publications: 'publications/index.md'
- Highlighted works:
- 'Focal Surface Holographic Light Transport using Learned Spatially Adaptive Convolutions': 'publications/focal_surface_light_transport.md'
- 'SpecTrack: Learned Multi-Rotation Tracaking via Speckle Imaging': 'publications/spec_track.md'
- 'Autocolor: Learned Light Power Control for Multi-Color Holograms': 'https://complightlab.com/autocolor_'
- 'Multi-color Holograms Improve Brightness in Holographic Displays': 'publications/multi_color.md'
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