Promise objects are a wonderful escape from "callback hell", though the standard set of functions to manipulate groups of them is a bit lacking. This module lets a developer track an array or an object consisting of Promise values and actual values, then has prescribed rejection and resolution behavior that can be beneficial depending on the type of software being written.
Promises.all() and Promise.race() are provided by the ES6 / ES2015 specification and deal wonderfully with arrays. They also can provide only one rejection and Promise.all() is specifically designed to fail fast. This may not be what you'd like to have happened.
// Using an Array here
var morePromises = require("more-promises");
var list = [
12345,
Promise.resolve("successful 1"),
Promise.resolve("successful 2"),
Promise.reject("failure 1"),
Promise.reject("failure 2")
];
// This is the built-in operation
Promise.all(list).then((resolvedList) => {
console.log("this never happens because one was rejected");
}, (rejection) => {
// This is usually "failure 1" but could be any failure, depending on implementation
console.log(rejection);
});
// Here is an alternate implementation that waits for all of
// the promises to be resolved or rejected.
morePromises.settle(list).then((resolvedList) => {
console.log("this never happens because one was rejected");
}, (rejectionList) => {
// "[ , , , 'failure 1', 'failure 2' ]"
// Note that the array indices are preserved.
console.log(rejectionList);
});
This library was created because there weren't other implementations that settled all promises and then rejected the consolidated promise with the failures (as in the .settle() function). Also, some implementations decided to change all rejections into Error objects, which means they modified the value and potentially corrupted vital information. Lastly, it is nice to track promises in an object and promisification shouldn't be limited to the great Bluebird library.
var fs = require("fs");
morePromises.promisifyAll(fs);
var list = {
configFile: fs.readFileAsync("config.txt"),
sslCert: fs.readFileAsync("ssl.crt")
};
morePromises.settle(list).then((resolvedList) => {
startServer(resolvedList.configFile, resolvedList.sslCert);
}, (rejectionList) => {
Object.keys(rejectionList).forEach((key) => {
console.error(`Error reading file: ${key}`);
});
console.error("Aborting.");
});
Use npm to install this package easily.
$ npm install --save more-promises
Alternately you may edit your package.json and add this to your dependencies object:
{
...
"dependencies": {
...
"more-promises": "*"
...
}
...
}
When you use morePromises = require("more-promises"), the resulting object exposes several functions. Several of them take a list, which can be either an array or an object.
Returns a promise that is fulfilled when every promise in list is fulfilled. If any promise in list is rejected, the returned promise is rejected with the first rejection. This is the same as Promise.all() except it also works with objects.
When resolved, the array indexes or object property names are preserved.
// The list can be an array or an object.
var list = {
regularValue: 12345,
aPromise: Promise.resolve() // Resolves with undefined
};
morePromises.all(list).then((resolvedList) => {
// { regularValue: 12345, aPromise: undefined }
console.log(resolvedList);
});
list.rejected = Promise.reject("testing");
morePromises.all(list).then(() => {
console.log("This will not happen because one of the promises is rejected");
}, (rejected) => {
// "testing"
console.log(rejected);
});
Calls the callback when the promise is rejected or resolved. When rejected, the rejection value is supplied as the first argument. When resolved, the resolution value is supplied as the second argument. In this way you can call a standard Node-style callback from a promise.
function whenDone(err, result) {
if (err) {
console.log(err);
} else {
continueToDoWork(result);
}
}
var fs = require("fs");
var readFileAsync = morePromises.promisify(fs.readFile, fs);
var promise = readFileAsync("config.txt").then((buffer) => {
// Convert to a string
return buffer.toString("utf8");
});
// This chains the whenDone() callback to the promise
morePromises.callbackify(promise, whenDone);
When called without promise, this creates a promise that will be resolved after at least ms milliseconds.
When called with promise, the returned promise will be rejected immediately if promise is rejected. If promise is resolved, a delay of at least ms milliseconds will elapse before the returned promise is resolved.
// Simulate key presses
var promise = Promise.resolve();
[ "h", "e", "l", "l", "o" ].forEach((letter) => {
promise = promise.then(() => {
sendLetter(letter);
});
promise = morePromises.delay(Math.random() * 3);
});
This property is exposed on morePromises to allow a programmer to replace the use of the built-in Promise object with another type of promise. The new type of promise must follow the A+ Promises Specification.
The newPromise() function can be replaced as shown in the following example. When called, newPromise() is passed a function that expects a resolver function and a rejection function, just like how new Promise() works. In this example we use fid-promise, which is an A+ Promise that has a different method for resolving and rejecting.
var FidPromise = require("fid-promise");
morePromises.newPromise = (fn) => {
var promise;
function resolver(value) {
promise.resolve(value);
}
function rejector(value) {
promise.reject(value);
}
promise = new FidPromise();
fn(resolver, rejector);
return promise;
};
This takes a normal Node-style callback-enabled function and changes it to return a Promise instead.
function nodeStyle(stringToLog, callback) {
// Normally a function like this is asynchronous
if (!logger.write(stringToLog)) {
callback(logger.lastError);
} else {
callback("ok");
}
}
var wrapped = morePromises.promisify(nodeStyle);
wrapped("log this string").then((value) => {
console.log("successful logging");
// "ok"
console.log(value)
}, (err) => {
console.log("failed to log");
// Whatever logger.lastError is
console.log(err);
});
Scans through all properties on objectOrFunction and checks if they are functions. When they are, and there's no conflict, a wrapped version of the function is added to the object with "Async" appended to its name.
var fs = require("fs");
// "undefined"
console.log(typeof fs.readFileAsync);
var result = morePromises.promisifyAll(fs);
// "function"
console.log(typeof fs.readFileAsync);
// The returned object is the same as the one passed in.
// true
console.log(result === fs);
When all methods are changed, you're able to change you calls to node-style methods (eg. fs.readFile()) into ones that rely on returning Promise objects instead (eg. fs.readFileAsync()).
Returns a promise that is fulfilled when every promise in list is fulfilled. If any promise in list is rejected, the returned promise is rejected with a list of all rejections.
When resolved, the array indexes or object property names are preserved. When rejected, the array indexes will not be preserved, unless the sparse property on the options object is set to true.
// The list can be an array or an object.
var list = {
regularValue: 12345,
fail1: Promise.reject("fail 1"),
fail2: Promise.reject() // Rejects with undefined
};
// When every promise is resolved, this is the same as morePromises.all()
// so only showing failure.
morePromises.settle(list).then(() => {
console.log("This will not happen because at least one promise is rejected");
}, (rejectedList) => {
// { fail1: "fail 1", fail2: undefined }
console.log(rejectedList);
});
// Create an array of promises.
var promiseList = [
Promise.resolve("anything"),
Promise.reject(new Error("bad things")),
Promise.reject() // Rejecting with undefined
];
// The rejected promise list will have the indexes of resolved promises removed.
morePromises.settle(promiseList).then(() => {}, (rejectedList) => {
// Notice that the rejection with an undefined value is preserved
// in rejectedList.
// [ Error("bad things"), undefined ]
console.log(rejectedList);
});
// Same thing, but the rejectionList will preserve the indexes of the original array.
morePromises.settle(promiseList, {
sparse: true
}).then(() => {}, (rejectedList) => {
// Careful - the first element is not defined, but the rejectedList does
// not even have the key 0 defined.
// [ , Error("bad things"), undefined ]
console.log(rejectedList);
// [ 1, 2 ]
console.log(Object.keys(rejectedList));
})
Returns a promise that is settle when the first promise in the list is settled. If the first promise is resolved, the returned promise is resolved with the same value. Likewise, if the first promise is rejected, the returned promise is rejected with the same value. This is the same as Promise.race() except it also works with objects. If something in the list is not a promise, the returned promise will be immediately resolved with the first non-promise value encountered. Depending on promise implementation, iteration order and promise states, this could pick one of a number of promises or non-promise values when they are all resolved during the function call.
// The list can be an array or an object
var list = {
regularValue: 12345,
aPromise: Promise.resolve() // Resolves with undefined
};
morePromises.race(list).then((resolved) => {
// Normally this writes 12345 but it could write undefined
// if the "aPromise" promise is selected.
console.log(resolvedList);
});
list = {
first: morePromises.delay(100).then(() => {
return "first promise";
}),
second: morePromises.delay(1000).then(() => {
return "second promise";
})
}
morePromises.all(list).then((value) => {
// Unless you have a heavily loaded system, this will write out
// first promise
console.log(value);
});
Waits for all promises in list to be resolved or rejected, then supplies a new list through the returned promise. The returned promise is always resolved. Its contents is changed to contain special objects, similar to what was proposed for Promise.allSettled(). This preserves the promise resolution/rejection value.
When resolved, the array indexes or object property names are preserved.
// The list can be an array or an object
var list = {
regularValue: 12345,
resolvedPromise: Promise.resolve(), // Resolves with undefined
rejectedPromise: Promise.reject("some string")
};
morePromises.reflect(list).then((resultList) => {
// {
// regularValue: {
// state: "not-promise",
// value: 12345
// },
// resolvedPromise: {
// state: "fulfilled",
// value: undefined
// },
// rejectedPromise: {
// state: "rejected",
// value: "some string"
// }
// }
console.log(resultList);
});
Returns a promise that is fulfilled when promise is resolved and rejected when promise is rejected. However, if promise takes more than at least ms milliseconds to resolve, then the promise is rejected with rejectionValue.
If rejectionValue is not supplied, the default rejection is an Error saying "Timeout after {ms} milliseconds".
// Don't ever resolve nor reject this promise
var promise = new Promise(() => {});
var newPromise = morePromises.timeout(promise, 100);
newPromise.then(() => {
console.log("This won't ever get resolved");
}, (err) => {
// "Error: Timeout after 100 milliseconds"
console.log(err.toString());
});
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