Comparing Functional and Imperative performance

During a recent talk on programming paradigms [Pavel Tcholakov](https://twitter.com/pavletko) presented an example using Java 8 streams to solve the classic FizzBuzz problem.

Write a program that prints the numbers from 1 to 100. But for multiples of three print “Fizz” instead of the number and for the multiples of five print “Buzz”. For numbers which are multiples of both three and five print “FizzBuzz”.

Here is a little project to compare the performance of imperative and functional programming.

The [jmh gradle plugin](https://github.com/melix/jmh-gradle-plugin) was a great discovery.

The numbers on Intel Core^TM i7 2.9Ghz

Changelog

• Added [Scala](http://www.scala-lang.org) versions.

• Added [Groovy](http://www.groovy-lang.org) versions.

• Created Java functional that doesn’t perform map/reduce.

• Refactored Scala version to similar functional without map/reduce.

• Added [Kotlin](https://kotlinlang.org) versions

• Added Scala Streams after [Guillaume Belrose](https://twitter.com/gbelrose) linked to [https://gist.github.com/samklr/6098769](https://gist.github.com/samklr/6098769)

• Refactored Java and Scala Predicates to inline lambdas instead of static methods. No significant difference in performance.

• Added Scalaz version after [Andreas Pauley](https://twitter.com/apauley) linked to [https://gist.github.com/apauley/ca8197f5b9b822097c50](https://gist.github.com/apauley/ca8197f5b9b822097c50) Providing some of the best performance of all the functional versions

• Kotlin 1.1.3 moves up in the functional performance.

• Kotlin 1.2.10 improves functional performance.

• Added Java - Vavr using vavr 0.9.2.

• Updated Kotlin to 1.2.41.

• Updated Kotlin to 1.3.21

• Updated Kotlin to 1.3.50

• Updated Scala 2.13

• Updated Kotlin to 1.4.21

• Updated Kotlin to 1.5.30

Results

Collating Results

sdk install groovy
./collate.grooy

The results will be in collated.csv

Latest

Compiled with 11.0.12-zulu

lang	paradigm	variation	version	native	score
Groovy	Imperative	Inline	17.0.0	false	1079365370.88
Java	Imperative	Inline	11.0.12	false	1065646593.43
Kotlin	Imperative	Inline	17.0.0	false	911427265.49
Java	Imperative	Inline	17.0.0	false	907963943.99
Kotlin	Imperative	Inline	11.0.12	false	886100353.56
Groovy	Imperative	Inline	11.0.12	false	329062633.58
Groovy	Imperative	Inline	21.2.0.r11-grl	true	25653958.86
Groovy	Imperative	Inline	21.2.0.r16-grl	true	23737616.05
Java	Imperative	Inline	21.2.0.r11-grl	true	22685656.48
Java	Imperative	Inline	21.2.0.r16-grl	true	22505430.51
Kotlin	Imperative	Inline	21.2.0.r11-grl	true	22251752.41
Kotlin	Imperative	Inline	21.2.0.r16-grl	true	20902030.10
Java	Imperative	Call	17.0.0	false	1676706.83
Groovy	Imperative	Call	21.2.0.r11-grl	true	1675809.86
Kotlin	Imperative	Call	17.0.0	false	1576954.02
Kotlin	Imperative	Call	11.0.12	false	1550893.14
Groovy	Imperative	Call	17.0.0	false	1548513.00
Scala	Imperative	Inline	17.0.0	false	1509134.61
Scala	Imperative	Inline	11.0.12	false	1484010.18
Groovy	Imperative	Call	21.2.0.r16-grl	true	1330120.77
Java	Imperative	Call	11.0.12	false	1269404.86
Groovy	Imperative	Call	11.0.12	false	1215502.19
Kotlin	Imperative	Call	21.2.0.r11-grl	true	1210708.72
Kotlin	Imperative	Call	21.2.0.r16-grl	true	1129483.83
Java	Imperative	Call	21.2.0.r16-grl	true	1115273.37
Java	Imperative	Call	21.2.0.r11-grl	true	1113567.84
Scala	Imperative	Call	21.2.0.r11-grl	true	1049351.24
Scala	Imperative	Inline	21.2.0.r16-grl	true	950917.62
Scala	Imperative	Call	21.2.0.r16-grl	true	948252.67
Scala	Imperative	Call	11.0.12	false	939091.14
Scala	Imperative	Inline	21.2.0.r11-grl	true	934453.73
Scala	Imperative	Call	17.0.0	false	872538.58
Kotlin	Functional		17.0.0	false	591111.01
Scala	Functional		21.2.0.r11-grl	true	585884.63
Scala	Functional		21.2.0.r16-grl	true	573594.12
Scala	Functional	Z	21.2.0.r16-grl	true	540049.84
Scala	Functional	Z	21.2.0.r11-grl	true	519120.36
Scala	Functional	Z	17.0.0	false	500733.95
Kotlin	Functional		21.2.0.r11-grl	true	498982.69
Kotlin	Functional		11.0.12	false	461508.87
Kotlin	Functional		21.2.0.r16-grl	true	424752.37
Scala	Functional		17.0.0	false	393387.51
Scala	Functional	Z	11.0.12	false	385908.46
Scala	Functional		11.0.12	false	342851.61
Kotlin	Functional	MapReduce	17.0.0	false	296822.68
Java	Functional	Vavr	21.2.0.r11-grl	true	283806.49
Kotlin	Functional	MapReduce	21.2.0.r16-grl	true	272830.50
Kotlin	Functional	MapReduce	21.2.0.r11-grl	true	269854.93
Java	Functional	Vavr	21.2.0.r16-grl	true	255897.56
Kotlin	Functional	MapReduce	11.0.12	false	205219.08
Java	Functional	Vavr	17.0.0	false	196162.17
Java	Functional	Vavr	11.0.12	false	186002.45
Java	Functional		21.2.0.r11-grl	true	131690.10
Java	Functional		21.2.0.r16-grl	true	129849.56
Java	Functional		11.0.12	false	100824.82
Java	Functional	MapReduce	21.2.0.r11-grl	true	97713.64
Java	Functional	MapReduce	21.2.0.r16-grl	true	79576.24
Java	Functional	MapReduce	11.0.12	false	73576.92
Scala	Functional	Streams	21.2.0.r11-grl	true	73150.65
Java	Functional	MapReduce	17.0.0	false	65023.44
Java	Functional		17.0.0	false	64580.80
Scala	Functional	Streams	11.0.12	false	62689.24
Scala	Functional	Streams	17.0.0	false	53379.36
Scala	Functional	Streams	21.2.0.r16-grl	true	43179.79
Groovy	Functional		21.2.0.r11-grl	true	18562.48
Groovy	Functional		17.0.0	false	12923.49
Groovy	Functional		21.2.0.r16-grl	true	12235.32
Groovy	Functional		11.0.12	false	11233.63

Before and After Heinz’s changes

lang	paradigm	variation	version	native	score	changed	improvement
Groovy	Functional		11.0.12	FALSE	14917.33	11233.63	75.31%
Groovy	Functional		17.0.0	FALSE	14844.68	12923.49	87.06%
Groovy	Functional		21.2.0.r11-grl	TRUE	11274.00	18562.48	164.65%
Groovy	Functional		21.2.0.r16-grl	TRUE	13382.11	12235.32	91.43%
Groovy	Imperative	Call	11.0.12	FALSE	1433779.55	1215502.19	84.78%
Groovy	Imperative	Call	17.0.0	FALSE	1733365.84	1548513	89.34%
Groovy	Imperative	Call	21.2.0.r11-grl	TRUE	1098518.23	1675809.86	152.55%
Groovy	Imperative	Call	21.2.0.r16-grl	TRUE	1733579.10	1330120.77	76.73%
Groovy	Imperative	Inline	11.0.12	FALSE	400855589.35	329062633.6	82.09%
Groovy	Imperative	Inline	17.0.0	FALSE	1097306196.76	1079365371	98.37%
Groovy	Imperative	Inline	21.2.0.r11-grl	TRUE	22207162.06	25653958.86	115.52%
Groovy	Imperative	Inline	21.2.0.r16-grl	TRUE	1318384796.13	23737616.05	1.80%
Java	Functional		11.0.12	FALSE	94122.95	73576.92	78.17%
Java	Functional		17.0.0	FALSE	62846.48	65023.44	103.46%
Java	Functional		21.2.0.r11-grl	TRUE	97761.83	97713.64	99.95%
Java	Functional		21.2.0.r16-grl	TRUE	66559.06	79576.24	119.56%
Java	Functional	MapReduce	11.0.12	FALSE	88548.93	186002.45	210.06%
Java	Functional	MapReduce	17.0.0	FALSE	78297.56	196162.17	250.53%
Java	Functional	MapReduce	21.2.0.r11-grl	TRUE	73929.35	283806.49	383.89%
Java	Functional	MapReduce	21.2.0.r16-grl	TRUE	85129.62	255897.56	300.60%
Java	Functional	Vavr	11.0.12	FALSE	217079.50	100824.82	46.45%
Java	Functional	Vavr	17.0.0	FALSE	229655.15	64580.8	28.12%
Java	Functional	Vavr	21.2.0.r11-grl	TRUE	196451.01	131690.1	67.03%
Java	Functional	Vavr	21.2.0.r16-grl	TRUE	231999.41	129849.56	55.97%
Java	Imperative	Call	11.0.12	FALSE	1833616.28	1269404.86	69.23%
Java	Imperative	Call	17.0.0	FALSE	1786868.25	1676706.83	93.83%
Java	Imperative	Call	21.2.0.r11-grl	TRUE	907217.63	1113567.84	122.75%
Java	Imperative	Call	21.2.0.r16-grl	TRUE	2015751.27	1115273.37	55.33%
Java	Imperative	Inline	11.0.12	FALSE	1185278723.82	1065646593	89.91%
Java	Imperative	Inline	17.0.0	FALSE	996876475.82	907963944	91.08%
Java	Imperative	Inline	21.2.0.r11-grl	TRUE	16960141.84	22685656.48	133.76%
Java	Imperative	Inline	21.2.0.r16-grl	TRUE	1315067555.98	22505430.51	1.71%
Kotlin	Functional		11.0.12	FALSE	612559.76	205219.08	33.50%
Kotlin	Functional		17.0.0	FALSE	635630.46	296822.68	46.70%
Kotlin	Functional		21.2.0.r11-grl	TRUE	329871.92	269854.93	81.81%
Kotlin	Functional		21.2.0.r16-grl	TRUE	751525.10	272830.5	36.30%
Kotlin	Functional	MapReduce	11.0.12	FALSE	243119.80	461508.87	189.83%
Kotlin	Functional	MapReduce	17.0.0	FALSE	308806.19	591111.01	191.42%
Kotlin	Functional	MapReduce	21.2.0.r11-grl	TRUE	210542.73	498982.69	237.00%
Kotlin	Functional	MapReduce	21.2.0.r16-grl	TRUE	326162.74	424752.37	130.23%
Kotlin	Imperative	Call	11.0.12	FALSE	1735967.08	1550893.14	89.34%
Kotlin	Imperative	Call	17.0.0	FALSE	1573645.87	1576954.02	100.21%
Kotlin	Imperative	Call	21.2.0.r11-grl	TRUE	1217797.04	1210708.72	99.42%
Kotlin	Imperative	Call	21.2.0.r16-grl	TRUE	1789109.46	1129483.83	63.13%
Kotlin	Imperative	Inline	11.0.12	FALSE	608710261.31	886100353.6	145.57%
Kotlin	Imperative	Inline	17.0.0	FALSE	903619032.64	911427265.5	100.86%
Kotlin	Imperative	Inline	21.2.0.r11-grl	TRUE	23850637.36	22251752.41	93.30%
Kotlin	Imperative	Inline	21.2.0.r16-grl	TRUE	1323461944.89	20902030.1	1.58%
Scala	Functional		11.0.12	FALSE	247764.35	62689.24	25.30%
Scala	Functional		17.0.0	FALSE	405825.23	53379.36	13.15%
Scala	Functional		21.2.0.r11-grl	TRUE	574252.49	73150.65	12.74%
Scala	Functional		21.2.0.r16-grl	TRUE	414104.57	43179.79	10.43%
Scala	Functional	Streams	11.0.12	FALSE	46519.51	385908.46	829.56%
Scala	Functional	Streams	17.0.0	FALSE	53011.68	500733.95	944.57%
Scala	Functional	Streams	21.2.0.r11-grl	TRUE	67392.01	519120.36	770.30%
Scala	Functional	Streams	21.2.0.r16-grl	TRUE	60384.77	540049.84	894.35%
Scala	Functional	Z	11.0.12	FALSE	349362.94	342851.61	98.14%
Scala	Functional	Z	17.0.0	FALSE	457628.71	393387.51	85.96%
Scala	Functional	Z	21.2.0.r11-grl	TRUE	574676.30	585884.63	101.95%
Scala	Functional	Z	21.2.0.r16-grl	TRUE	493710.13	573594.12	116.18%
Scala	Imperative	Call	11.0.12	FALSE	843812.50	939091.14	111.29%
Scala	Imperative	Call	17.0.0	FALSE	699225.33	872538.58	124.79%
Scala	Imperative	Call	21.2.0.r11-grl	TRUE	1063185.85	1049351.24	98.70%
Scala	Imperative	Call	21.2.0.r16-grl	TRUE	1212173.35	948252.67	78.23%
Scala	Imperative	Inline	11.0.12	FALSE	1447523.98	1484010.18	102.52%
Scala	Imperative	Inline	17.0.0	FALSE	1803322.32	1509134.61	83.69%
Scala	Imperative	Inline	21.2.0.r11-grl	TRUE	1190108.18	934453.73	78.52%
Scala	Imperative	Inline	21.2.0.r16-grl	TRUE	2010448.88	950917.62	47.30%