fix: null guard for tx fee amounts (backport #10327) (#10343)

* fix: null guard for tx fee amounts (#10327)

## Description

It is possible to submit a TX with a fees object containing a Coin with a nil amount. This results in a rather cryptic redacted panic response when the basic validation checks fee Coins for negative amounts.

This PR adds an additional check for nil to provide a friendlier error message.

---

### Author Checklist

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- [x] included the correct [type prefix](https://github.com/commitizen/conventional-commit-types/blob/v3.0.0/index.json) in the PR title
- [ ] added `!` to the type prefix if API or client breaking change
- [x] targeted the correct branch (see [PR Targeting](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#pr-targeting))
- [x] provided a link to the relevant issue or specification (note: No issue exists)
- [x] followed the guidelines for [building modules](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/blob/master/docs/building-modules)
- [x] included the necessary unit and integration [tests](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#testing) (note: First PR against the SDK so please comment with what needs to be done)
- [x] added a changelog entry to `CHANGELOG.md`
- [x] included comments for [documenting Go code](https://blog.golang.org/godoc)
- [ ] updated the relevant documentation or specification
- [x] reviewed "Files changed" and left comments if necessary
- [x] confirmed all CI checks have passed

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I have...

- [ ] confirmed the correct [type prefix](https://github.com/commitizen/conventional-commit-types/blob/v3.0.0/index.json) in the PR title
- [ ] confirmed `!` in the type prefix if API or client breaking change
- [ ] confirmed all author checklist items have been addressed
- [ ] reviewed state machine logic
- [ ] reviewed API design and naming
- [ ] reviewed documentation is accurate
- [ ] reviewed tests and test coverage
- [ ] manually tested (if applicable)

(cherry picked from commit 96e162b)

# Conflicts:
#	CHANGELOG.md

* solve conflicts

* move sections

Co-authored-by: Alex Megalokonomos <alex.megalokonomos@tendermint.com>
Co-authored-by: marbar3778 <marbar3778@yahoo.com>

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -36,6 +36,10 @@ Ref: https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/
 
 ## Unreleased
 
+### Improvements
+
+* [\#10327](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/pull/10327) Add null guard for possible nil `Amount` in tx fee `Coins`
+
 ### Bug Fixes
 
 * (client) [#10226](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/pull/10226) Fix --home flag parsing. 

types/coin.go

@@ -129,6 +129,11 @@ func (coin Coin) IsNegative() bool {
 	return coin.Amount.Sign() == -1
 }
 
+// IsNil returns true if the coin amount is nil and false otherwise.
+func (coin Coin) IsNil() bool {
+	return coin.Amount.i == nil
+}
+
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Coins
 
@@ -543,6 +548,19 @@ func (coins Coins) IsAnyNegative() bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+// IsAnyNil returns true if there is at least one coin whose amount
+// is nil; returns false otherwise. It returns false if the coin set
+// is empty too.
+func (coins Coins) IsAnyNil() bool {
+	for _, coin := range coins {
+		if coin.IsNil() {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
 // negative returns a set of coins with all amount negative.
 //
 // TODO: Remove once unsigned integers are used.

types/coin_test.go

@@ -237,6 +237,20 @@ func (s *coinTestSuite) TestCoinIsZero() {
 	s.Require().False(res)
 }
 
+func (s *coinTestSuite) TestCoinIsNil() {
+	coin := sdk.Coin{}
+	res := coin.IsNil()
+	s.Require().True(res)
+
+	coin = sdk.Coin{Denom: "uatom"}
+	res = coin.IsNil()
+	s.Require().True(res)
+
+	coin = sdk.NewInt64Coin(testDenom1, 1)
+	res = coin.IsNil()
+	s.Require().False(res)
+}
+
 func (s *coinTestSuite) TestFilteredZeroCoins() {
 	cases := []struct {
 		name     string
@@ -902,6 +916,19 @@ func (s *coinTestSuite) TestCoinsIsAnyGT() {
 	}
 }
 
+func (s *coinTestSuite) TestCoinsIsAnyNil() {
+	twoAtom := sdk.NewInt64Coin("atom", 2)
+	fiveAtom := sdk.NewInt64Coin("atom", 5)
+	threeEth := sdk.NewInt64Coin("eth", 3)
+	nilAtom := sdk.Coin{Denom: "atom"}
+
+	s.Require().True(sdk.Coins{twoAtom, fiveAtom, threeEth, nilAtom}.IsAnyNil())
+	s.Require().True(sdk.Coins{twoAtom, nilAtom, fiveAtom, threeEth}.IsAnyNil())
+	s.Require().True(sdk.Coins{nilAtom, twoAtom, fiveAtom, threeEth}.IsAnyNil())
+	s.Require().False(sdk.Coins{twoAtom, fiveAtom, threeEth}.IsAnyNil())
+
+}
+
 func (s *coinTestSuite) TestMarshalJSONCoins() {
 	cdc := codec.NewLegacyAmino()
 	sdk.RegisterLegacyAminoCodec(cdc)

types/tx/types.go

@@ -72,6 +72,13 @@ func (t *Tx) ValidateBasic() error {
 		)
 	}
 
+	if fee.Amount.IsAnyNil() {
+		return sdkerrors.Wrapf(
+			sdkerrors.ErrInsufficientFee,
+			"invalid fee provided: null",
+		)
+	}
+
 	if fee.Amount.IsAnyNegative() {
 		return sdkerrors.Wrapf(
 			sdkerrors.ErrInsufficientFee,