Prost Twirp

⚠️ WARNING

The repository here is abandoned. Please use https://github.com/sourcefrog/prost-twirp instead.

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Prost Twirp is a code generator and set of utilities for calling and serving Twirp services in Rust, using the prost and hyper libraries.

See usage detail below, API docs, and examples.

Usage

Prost Twirp supports the calling and the serving of Twirp services. Prost Twirp can be used in one of three ways:

• As a client and/or server code generator along with a supporting runtime library
• As a client and/or server code generator with supporting runtime needs embedded in the generated code
• As a library of utilities to help with more manual Twirp client/server invocations

Below will walkthrough code creation and service consumption/implementation.

Generating Code

Most of the code generation relies on prost. The prost code generator accepts a ServiceGenerator. Prost Twirp provides this generator. This walkthrough will use Twirp's example service.proto that is also used by the Prost Twirp's examples.

Setup the project to generate code like the prost-build docs suggest. In addition, add the following to the dependencies and build dependencies of Cargo.toml:

[dependencies]
prost-twirp = "prost-twirp-version"
futures = "futures-version"
hyper = "hyper-version"
tokio-core = "tokio-core-version"

[build-dependencies]
prost-twirp = { version = "prost-twirp-version", features = ["service-gen"] }

This adds the supporting Prost Twirp library at runtime and the service generation support at build time. It also adds hyper, futures, and tokio that are needed to use the service at runtime. Previously, the build script code in build.rs might have been:

extern crate prost_build;

fn main() {
    prost_build::compile_protos(&["src/service.proto"], &["src/"]).unwrap();
}

That would just generate the protobuf structs, but not the service. Now change it to utilize the Prost Twirp service generator:

extern crate prost_build;
extern crate prost_twirp;

fn main() {
    let mut conf = prost_build::Config::new();
    conf.service_generator(Box::new(prost_twirp::TwirpServiceGenerator::new()));
    conf.compile_protos(&["src/service.proto"], &["src/"]).unwrap();
}

Now the included file contains a service client and server. As in the prost-build docs, it can be included in main.rs:

extern crate futures;
extern crate hyper;
extern crate prost;
#[macro_use]
extern crate prost_derive;
extern crate prost_twirp;

mod service {
    include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/twitch.twirp.example.rs"));
}

Generated Trait

Each protobuf service is generated as a simple trait. The example service.proto contains the following service:

// A Haberdasher makes hats for clients.
service Haberdasher {
  // MakeHat produces a hat of mysterious, randomly-selected color!
  rpc MakeHat(Size) returns (Hat);
}

This generates the following trait:

/// A Haberdasher makes hats for clients.
pub trait Haberdasher {
    /// MakeHat produces a hat of mysterious, randomly-selected color!
    fn make_hat(&self, i: PTReq<Size>) -> PTRes<Hat>;
}

PTReq is just a ServiceRequest. PTRes is Box<Future<Item = ServiceResponse<O>, Error = ProstTwirpError>>. This trait is used by both the client and the server.

Using the Client

Creating a Prost Twirp client is just an extra step after creating the hyper::Client. Simply call ServiceName::new_client with the hyper client and a root URL like so:

let hyper_client = Client::new(&core.handle());
let service_client = service::Haberdasher::new_client(hyper_client, "http://localhost:8080");

This creates and returns a boxed implementation of the client trait. Then it can be called like so:

let work = service_client.make_hat(service::Size { inches: 12 }.into()).
    and_then(|res| Ok(println!("Made {:?}", res.output)));
core.run(work).unwrap();

Notice the into, that turns a prost protobuf object into a Prost Twirp ServiceRequest. The result is a boxed future of the ServiceResponse whose output field will contain the serialized result (in this case, service::Hat).

Any error that can happen during the call results in an errored future with the ProstTwirpError error.

Using the Server

The same trait that is used for the client is what must be implemented as a server. Here is an example implementation:

pub struct HaberdasherService;
impl service::Haberdasher for HaberdasherService {
    fn make_hat(&self, i: service::PTReq<service::Size>) -> service::PTRes<service::Hat> {
        Box::new(future::ok(
            service::Hat { size: i.input.inches, color: "blue".to_string(), name: "fedora".to_string() }.into()
        ))
    }
}

Like other hyper services, this one returns a boxed future with the protobuf value. In this case, it just generates an instance of Hat every time. Errors can be returned which are in the form of a ProstTwirpError. A TwirpError can be sent back instead. Here is an example of not accepting any size outside of some bounds:

pub struct HaberdasherService;
impl service::Haberdasher for HaberdasherService {
    fn make_hat(&self, i: service::PTReq<service::Size>) -> service::PTRes<service::Hat> {
        Box::new(future::result(
            if i.input.inches < 1 {
                Err(TwirpError::new(StatusCode::BadRequest, "too_small", "Size too small")
            } else if i.input.inches > 10 {
                Err(TwirpError::new(StatusCode::BadRequest, "too_large", "Size too large")
            } else {
                Ok(service::Hat { size: i.input.inches, color: "blue".to_string(), name: "fedora".to_string() }.into())
            }
        ))
    }
}

Metadata in the form of a serde_json::Value can be given to a TwirpError as well. To start the service, there is a ServiceName::new_server call that accepts an implementation of the trait and returns a hyper::server::Service that can be used like any other hyper service. E.g.

let addr = "0.0.0.0:8080".parse().unwrap();
let server = Http::new().bind(&addr,
    move || Ok(service::Haberdasher::new_server(HaberdasherService))).unwrap();
server.run().unwrap();

Note, due to some tokio service restrictions, the service implementation has to have a 'static lifetime.

Embedding the Runtime

Instead of having a runtime dependency on the prost_twirp crate, it can be embedded instead. By creating the TwirpServiceGenerator as a mut variable and setting embed_client to true, the entire runtime code (not that big) will be put in a prost_twirp nested module and referenced in the generated code. This means that prost-twirp doesn't have to be set in the [dependencies] for runtime. However, besides prost and prost-derive runtime libraries, Prost Twirp does still require serde_json at runtime for error serialization.

Manual Client and Server

Instead of code generation, some of the features of Prost Twirp can be used manually.

For the client, a new HyperClient can be created with the root URL and hyper client. Then, go can be invoked with a path and a ServiceRequest for a prost-built message. The response is a boxed future of a ServiceResponse that must be typed with the expected prost-built output type. Example:

let prost_client = HyperClient::new(hyper_client, "http://localhost:8080");
let work = prost_client.
    go("/twirp/twitch.twirp.example.Haberdasher/MakeHat",
        ServiceRequest::new(service::Size { inches: 12 })).
    and_then(|res| {
        let hat: service::Hat = res.output;
        Ok(println!("Made {:?}", hat))
    });

For the server, a new HyperServer can be created passing in an impl of HyperService. The HyperService trait is essentially just a handler for accepting a ServiceRequest<Vec<u8>> and returning a boxed future of ServiceResponse<Vec<u8>>. Inside the handler, prost-built structs can be serialized/deserialized.

FAQ

Why no JSON support?

This could be done soon. I am investigating whether this is as easy as a couple of serde attributes or if it is more involved.

Why does my server service impl have to be 'static?

This is due to the need to reference the service inside of static futures. See this issue. Any better solution is welcome.