Add hookpoints in Cucumber and GuiceFactory

[coekie]

Use case: Create a subclass of Cucumber that creates a subclass of
GuiceFactory that creates an injector that has the injector of the
application being tested as its parent.
That way:

• The application stays in control of its own lifecycle (it can create its
  own injector), but steps are still scoped by scenario.
• Step classes can get injected by dependencies from the application
• The application's injector can be created once and shared between
  multiple scenarios to improve performance

I need these hook points for one particular case, but I made them as general as I could to fit other use cases:

• The createRuntime method in the junit Cucumber runner can be used to customize anything about the Runtime, Backends, ObjectFactories,... The problem I faced here is that the automatic configuration by classpath scanning sometimes just doesn't work out. (Because it only allows one ObjectFactory on the classpath; so you cannot extend one, and all tests in the same module are forced to use the same one).
• the overridable createInjector method allows having a parent injector (my use case) but also e.g. adding override modules, changing the injector's stage,...

[aslakhellesoy]

Please fix formatting. See CONTRIBUTING.md

[coekie]

Sorry, fixed formatting now.

[coveralls]

Changes Unknown when pulling ec5728f on coekie:guice-parent-injector into * on cucumber:master*.

[lock]

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