Improve the Maven caching in docker builds build (#118)

java/Dockerfile

@@ -4,16 +4,17 @@
 ARG MAVEN_VERSION=3.8
 ARG JAVA_VERSION=16
 FROM maven:${MAVEN_VERSION}-eclipse-temurin-${JAVA_VERSION} AS java
-
+WORKDIR /cucumber
 
 # Dummy stage for generated code, overriden in main build
 FROM scratch AS schema-codegen
 
 
 FROM java AS with-dependencies
 
-COPY --link pom.xml maven-versions-rules.xml .
-RUN mvn install
+COPY --link pom.xml .
+# verify loads additional dependencies without running the tests (they aren't copied in yet)
+RUN mvn dependency:go-offline verify
 
 
 FROM java AS tested
@@ -22,4 +23,4 @@ COPY --link . .
 COPY --link --from=with-dependencies /root/.m2 /root/.m2
 COPY --link --from=schema-codegen / src/generated/java/io/cucumber/messages/types
 
-RUN mvn test
+RUN mvn verify