feat(query): support CHANGES clause

[zhyass]

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Summary

1. Remove since clause in feat(query): new implementation of analyze table #14725
   SELECT ...
   FROM <fuse_table>
   [ AT ( { SNAPSHOT => <snapshot_id> | TIMESTAMP => } ) ]
   [ SINCE ( { SNAPSHOT => <snapshot_id> | TIMESTAMP => } ) ];

2. Support changes clause.

SELECT ...
FROM ...
   CHANGES ( INFORMATION => { DEFAULT | APPEND_ONLY } )
   AT ( { TIMESTAMP => <timestamp> | SNAPSHOT => <sid> | OFFSET => <time_difference> | STREAM => '<name>' } )
   [ END( { TIMESTAMP => <timestamp> | OFFSET => <time_difference> | SNAPSHOT => <sid> } ) ]
[ ... ]

INFORMATION => { DEFAULT | APPEND_ONLY }: Specifies the type of change tracking data to return.

DEFAULT: Like Standard Stream, which returns all DML changes, including inserts, updates, and deletes.

APPEND_ONLY: Like AppendOnly Stream, will returns appended rows only.

The AT clause is required and sets the current offset for the change tracking.

The optional END clause sets the end snapshot for the change interval. If no END value is specified, the latest snapshot is used as the end of the change interval.

mysql> create table t(a int, b int)change_tracking=true;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)

mysql> insert into t values(1,1),(2,1);
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.10 sec)

mysql> create stream s on table t append_only = true;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)

mysql> create stream s1 on table t append_only = false;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)

mysql> update t set b = 2 where a = 2;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.39 sec)

mysql> insert into t values(3, 3);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.18 sec)

mysql> select * from t order by a;
+------+------+
| a    | b    |
+------+------+
|    1 |    1 |
|    2 |    2 |
|    3 |    3 |
+------+------+
3 rows in set (0.17 sec)
Read 3 rows, 28.00 B in 0.085 sec., 35.49 rows/sec., 331.28 B/sec.

mysql> select * from s;
+------+------+---------------+------------------+----------------------------------------+
| a    | b    | change$action | change$is_update | change$row_id                          |
+------+------+---------------+------------------+----------------------------------------+
|    3 |    3 | INSERT        |                0 | 8ba7cb6acc7e4dd5aab03f9d32e0ccb8000000 |
+------+------+---------------+------------------+----------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.19 sec)
Read 3 rows, 287.00 B in 0.021 sec., 144.64 rows/sec., 13.51 KiB/sec.

mysql> select * from s1 order by a,b;
+------+------+---------------+----------------------------------------+------------------+
| a    | b    | change$action | change$row_id                          | change$is_update |
+------+------+---------------+----------------------------------------+------------------+
|    2 |    1 | DELETE        | d60dab8545424894ba9ea2cb0baad51e000001 |                1 |
|    2 |    2 | INSERT        | d60dab8545424894ba9ea2cb0baad51e000001 |                1 |
|    3 |    3 | INSERT        | 8ba7cb6acc7e4dd5aab03f9d32e0ccb8000000 |                0 |
+------+------+---------------+----------------------------------------+------------------+
3 rows in set (0.40 sec)
Read 5 rows, 496.00 B in 0.111 sec., 45.16 rows/sec., 4.38 KiB/sec.

mysql> select * from t changes(information => default) at (stream => s) order by a, b;
+------+------+---------------+----------------------------------------+------------------+
| a    | b    | change$action | change$row_id                          | change$is_update |
+------+------+---------------+----------------------------------------+------------------+
|    2 |    1 | DELETE        | d60dab8545424894ba9ea2cb0baad51e000001 |                1 |
|    2 |    2 | INSERT        | d60dab8545424894ba9ea2cb0baad51e000001 |                1 |
|    3 |    3 | INSERT        | 8ba7cb6acc7e4dd5aab03f9d32e0ccb8000000 |                0 |
+------+------+---------------+----------------------------------------+------------------+
3 rows in set (0.39 sec)
Read 5 rows, 496.00 B in 0.101 sec., 49.6 rows/sec., 4.81 KiB/sec.

mysql> select * from t changes(information => append_only) at (stream => s) order by a, b;
+------+------+---------------+------------------+----------------------------------------+
| a    | b    | change$action | change$is_update | change$row_id                          |
+------+------+---------------+------------------+----------------------------------------+
|    3 |    3 | INSERT        |                0 | 8ba7cb6acc7e4dd5aab03f9d32e0ccb8000000 |
+------+------+---------------+------------------+----------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.21 sec)
Read 3 rows, 287.00 B in 0.021 sec., 142.1 rows/sec., 13.28 KiB/sec.

mysql> select * from fuse_snapshot('default', 't');
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+----------------+----------------------------------+---------------+-------------+-----------+--------------------+------------------+------------+----------------------------+
| snapshot_id                      | snapshot_location                                  | format_version | previous_snapshot_id             | segment_count | block_count | row_count | bytes_uncompressed | bytes_compressed | index_size | timestamp                  |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+----------------+----------------------------------+---------------+-------------+-----------+--------------------+------------------+------------+----------------------------+
| 95a2f43e12514a389fe8d0ff2e04e20b | 1/2414/_ss/95a2f43e12514a389fe8d0ff2e04e20b_v4.mpk |              4 | 459a0bcba385421d83fe5c2b361e2d4c |             2 |           2 |         3 |                111 |             2202 |       1050 | 2024-04-03 14:34:37.024354 |
| 459a0bcba385421d83fe5c2b361e2d4c | 1/2414/_ss/459a0bcba385421d83fe5c2b361e2d4c_v4.mpk |              4 | 1293db921f8d4042b396aa51855c988b |             1 |           1 |         2 |                101 |             1648 |        525 | 2024-04-03 14:34:34.307494 |
| 1293db921f8d4042b396aa51855c988b | 1/2414/_ss/1293db921f8d4042b396aa51855c988b_v4.mpk |              4 | NULL                             |             1 |           1 |         2 |                 18 |              564 |        525 | 2024-04-03 14:34:06.266322 |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+----------------+----------------------------------+---------------+-------------+-----------+--------------------+------------------+------------+----------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.10 sec)
Read 3 rows, 600.00 B in 0.069 sec., 43.71 rows/sec., 8.54 KiB/sec.

mysql> select * from t changes(information => default) at (snapshot => '1293db921f8d4042b396aa51855c988b') end(timestamp => '2024-04-03 14:34:34.307494'::TIMESTAMP) order by a, b;
+------+------+---------------+----------------------------------------+------------------+
| a    | b    | change$action | change$row_id                          | change$is_update |
+------+------+---------------+----------------------------------------+------------------+
|    2 |    1 | DELETE        | d60dab8545424894ba9ea2cb0baad51e000001 |                1 |
|    2 |    2 | INSERT        | d60dab8545424894ba9ea2cb0baad51e000001 |                1 |
+------+------+---------------+----------------------------------------+------------------+
2 rows in set (0.30 sec)
Read 4 rows, 294.00 B in 0.055 sec., 72.95 rows/sec., 5.24 KiB/sec.

• Fixes Feature: support CHANGES clause #15028

Tests

• Unit Test
• Logic Test
• Benchmark Test
• No Test - Explain why

Type of change

• Bug Fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New Feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking Change (fix or feature that could cause existing functionality not to work as expected)
• Documentation Update
• Refactoring
• Performance Improvement
• Other (please describe):

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This change is