refactor: Migrate catalog info into table info

[Xuanwo]

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Summary

This PR will migrate catalog info into table info.

We previously stored catalog_name: String in TableMeta, which persisted in metasrv. However, this design was flawed as we only have a single catalog named default in each metasrv instance.

This PR removed catalog_name in TableMeta, instead, add catalog_info: Arc<CatalogInfo> in TableInfo. This change makes existing code to work as before and make it much easier for external catalog to implement.

For example, it's a strong requirement to allowing build a table from TableInfo. In the fast, we have to store catalog related information in table options or engine options. But now, we can use CatalogInfo directly without extra work.

This PR removes all blockers of migrating to iceberg-rust, part of #15809

Tests

• Unit Test
• Logic Test
• Benchmark Test
• No Test - Explain why

Type of change

• Bug Fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New Feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking Change (fix or feature that could cause existing functionality not to work as expected)
• Documentation Update
• Refactoring
• Performance Improvement
• Other (please describe):

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This change is 

[drmingdrmer]

Reviewed 56 of 56 files at r1, all commit messages.
Reviewable status: complete! all files reviewed, all discussions resolved (waiting on @BohuTANG, @dantengsky, and @youngsofun)