[CT-901] [Epic] API-ification + CLI - Phase 1

[iknox-fa]

This Epic encompasses the work to create a new cli using the click CLI framework—and, in so doing, to start the process of turning dbt-core into a mature Python library with stable APIs & programmatic entry points.

Generally, the goal of this epic is functional parity. From the perspective of most end users, everything should work just the same as before. We are not aiming to introduce new functionality into dbt-core—except what we get "for free" from the click framework, and by (re)designing & (finally) documenting our internal APIs—but we are laying foundations that will enable us to add new capabilities, in #6356 and subsequent initiatives.

Phase 1: Top-level API

Get dbt run working

• [CT-900] Complete CLI modeling (Top level API) #5526
• [CT-902] CLI (Top level API) is automatically documented #5528
• [CT-905] Flags work with Click #5529
• [CT-1558] Flags work with UserConfig #6327
• [CT-906] Logging works with Click #5530
• [CT-907] Profiling works with Click #5531
• [CT-909] Adapter Management works with Click #5533
• [CT-910] Tracking works with Click #5534
• [CT-1366] Test framework works with Click #6096
• [CT-927] dbt run works in click #5551

Parity for all commands (ordered list based off usage)

• [CT-926] dbt parse works in click #5550 - tracked by [CT-1582] [Feature] Refactor tasks to breakout parsing the manifest into a separate piece #6357
• [CT-929] dbt seed works in click #5553
• [CT-921] dbt compile works in click #5545
• [CT-923] dbt deps works in click #5547
• [CT-932] dbt test works with click #5556
• [CT-930] dbt snapshot works with click #5554
• [CT-918] dbt clean works in click #5542
• [CT-931] dbt source freshness works with click #5555
• [CT-925] dbt list works in click #5549
• [CT-917] dbt build works in click #5541
• [CT-919] dbt docs generate works in click #5543
• [CT-928] dbt run-operation works in click #5552
• [CT-920] dbt docs serve works in click #5544
• [CT-922] dbt debug works in click #5546
• [CT-924] dbt init works in click #5548
• [CT-1926] Add support for --version to click cli #6757

Parity for all params

• [CT-1791] Add buildable as to indirect_selection param in Click CLI #6577
• [CT-1804] Add --favor-state as param in click CLI #6585
• [CT-1798] Add mutually exclusive handling for warn_error_options and warn_error params in Click CLI #6579

[jtcohen6]

Closing this initiative as completed :)

[dbeatty10]

The dbt-core CLI uses click for v1.5+ and used argparse before that.