[CT-1586] [Feature] Refactor tasks to be initialized using Profile, Project, and Flags instead of RuntimeConfig

[ChenyuLInx]

Is this your first time submitting a feature request?

• I have read the expectations for open source contributors
• I have searched the existing issues, and I could not find an existing issue for this feature
• I am requesting a straightforward extension of existing dbt functionality, rather than a Big Idea better suited to a discussion

Describe the feature

Right now tasks are being initialized using an args object and a RuntimeConfig object that is the combination of Profile, Project, and Flags(example), We would want to refactor all tasks to be initialized via a method that's similar to what we did with Deps Task(link) where we initialize tasks.

This comes from #5538

Describe alternatives you've considered

No response

Who will this benefit?

No response

Are you interested in contributing this feature?

No response

Anything else?

No response

[jtcohen6]

I'm all about it! Big idea here, instead of passing around One Big Class / demiurgic object as an argument innocently named config, we should treat these objects as separate components, and pass around just the ones (or slices of each) that are actually needed for each initialization step.

For instance, right now adapter initialization requires the full RuntimeConfig, but really it should just require:

• credentials relevant for this target (today there's only one active target; in the future there will be multiple)
• a subset of user-provided configuration, e.g. the quoting project config (docs)